Other Definitions
butane (dict)

Butane

bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | General
Chemical Name n-Butane
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Chemical formula CH3(CH2)2CH3
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Molecular weight 58.1 g/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | CAS number 106-97-8
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | MSDS MSDS
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | SMILES ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" colspan="2" | Other names
colspan="2" |
  • ?
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Physical properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Density and phase at STP ? g/cm3 (gas)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Solubility ? in ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Specific gravity ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Crystal structure ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | pH (10% solution with water) 7.0
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Acidity constant (pKa) ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Thermal decomposition ? C (? K)
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Phase behavior
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Melting point -138.3 C (134.9 K)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Boiling point -0.5 C (272.7 K)
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Triple point ? K (? °C)
? bar
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Critical point ? K (? °C)
? bar
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Heat of fusion
fusH)
? kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Entropy of fusion
fusS)
? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Heat of vaporization
vapH)
21 kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Safety
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Ingestion ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Inhalation ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Skin ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Eyes ?
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Flash point -60 °C
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Autoignition temperature ? C
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Explosive limits ? - ?%
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit
(PEL)
? ppm
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | NIOSH Immediate Danger to Life and Health
(IDLH)
? ppm
bgcolor="#ffeedd" colspan="2" | Precautions
colspan="2" |
  • Hazards:
    • Extremely flammable
  • Personal protection:
    • ?
  • Reacts with:
    • ?
  • Storage:
    • Keep container in a well ventilated place
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Liquid properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | ΔfH0liquid ? kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | S0liquid ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Cp ? J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Density ? g/cm3
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" | Gas properties
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | ΔfH0gas -126 kJ/mol
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | S0gas 310 J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffeedd" | Cp 97 J/mol·K
bgcolor="#ffddaa" colspan="2" align="center" | Except where noted, all data was produced under conditions of standard temperature and pressure.
Butane is the general name for two related alkane hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C4H10: n-butane' (1-butane) and iso-butane' (i-butane, isobutane, 2-methylpropane). Butanes are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that are used as fuel for cigarette lighters and portable stoves and as propellants in aerosol sprays. n-Butane has the following chemical structure:
      H   H   H   H      |   |   |   |  H - C - C - C - C - H      |   |   |   |      H   H   H   H 
Butane exists as two isomers: n-butane is a fully hydrogenated linear chain of four carbon atoms: CH3CH2CH2CH3. Its boiling point is −0.6 °C and its melting point is −138.3 °C. iso-butane, or isobutane, has the formula CH3CH(CH3)2, and the systematic name 2-methylpropane. Its boiling point is −11.7 °C and its melting point is −159.6 °C. Recent concerns with depletion of the ozone layer by freon gases have led to increased use of isobutane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers. When used as a refrigerant, isobutane is also known as R600a.

Butane gas

Alkanes are unreactive, as their C-C and C-H bonds are very strong. They do not react with acids, alkalis, metals, or oxidising agents. It may seem surprising, but petrol (octane) has no reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid, sodium metal or potassium manganate. It burns to form carbon dioxide and steam: butane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + steam Burning camping gas forms carbon dioxide and steam (plentiful supply of air) and also carbon (soot) and carbon monoxide (in a limited supply of air). Common uses for Butane gas are as a bottled supply for cooking and camping, when referred to as calor gas. It is also widely used as a petrol component and a feedstock for the production of base petrochemicals in steam cracking.

See also

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