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British Rail Class 404The Southern Railway (SR) gave the designations 4Cor, 4Res, 4Buf and 4Gri to the different types of electric multiple unit built to work the route between London Waterloo and Portsmouth Harbour. The 4Cor type units survived long enough in British Rail ownership to be allocated TOPS Class 404. The Cor designation had previously been used for the 6Pul units and was reused by them during World War II when the Pullman car was stored, but this stock was different from the 4Cor units. Phase 1 Units The SR electrified the London Waterloo to Portsmouth Harbour via Woking line in the mid-1930s, and full electric services commenced over the route from April 1937. For this service, 29 4Cor units (4-car Corridor units, numbered 3101-3129) and 19 4Res units (4-car Restaurant units, numbered 3054-3072) were built. Corridor connections were provided throughout each unit, including between units. This gave them a distinctive front-end appearance as the headcode display was placed on the opposite side of the gangway connection to the driving cab window, leading to their nickname of Nelsons (referring to Lord Nelson's eyepatch). It was intended that for principal services, 12-car formations would operate with a 4Res unit (providing the kitchen and dining facilities for the train) sandwiched by two 4Cor units. While all the other carriages for these units were built by the SR at their Eastleigh works, the Trailer First carriages (which were laid out as dining cars) were built by the Birmingham Railway Carriage & Wagon Company (BRCW) and the Trailer Restaurant Kitchen Third carriages by Metropolitan Cammell. Phase 2 Units The SR then electrified the line from Three Bridges to Portsmouth via Horsham and the coastal route from West Worthing to Havant, with services over this route commencing in July 1938. For services from London Victoria to Portsmouth over these lines, another 26 4Cor units (numbered 3130-3155) were built, together with 13 4Buf units (4-car Buffet units, numbered 3073-3085). These new units followed the same design as the Phase 1 stock, except that the restaurant and kitchen facilities of the 4Res units were replaced by the simpler provison of a buffet. All of these units were built by the SR at their Eastleigh works. Formations Initial formations of these units were as follows: | ype | DMBTO | Trailer | Trailer | DMBTO | | 054-3072 | 4Res | 11139-11175 (odds) | TFK 12231-12249 (not in order) | TRKT 12601-12619 (not in order) | 11140-11176 (evens) | | 073-3085 | 4Buf | 11229-11253 (odds) | TCK 11846-11858 | TRBT 12518-12530 | 11230-11254 (evens) | | 101-3129 | 4Cor | 11081-11137 (odds) | TTK 10055-10083 | TCK 11791-11819 | 11082-11138 (evens) | | 130-3155 | 4Cor | 11177-11227 (odds) | TTK 10084-10109 | TCK 11820-11845 | 11178-11228 (evens) | Reformations & Conversions Due to the late delivery of the kitchen and dining carriages for the 4Res units, these cars were not formed in the sets in numerical order, and some of the driving motor cars initially ran with other trailer cars as 4Cor formations. The first changes took place during World War II, following the destruction of 25 carriages during bombing raids. This total included the equivalent of three 4Res units. A number of units were reformed to reuse the carriages that survived from individual units, and after the war was over, new carriages were built to replace those destroyed, taking the numbers of the old ones. In total, this involved 11 driving motor cars, 7 Trailer Thirds, 5 Trailer Composites, and one buffet car and dining car apiece. This re-arrangement led to the loss of 4Res units 3058, 3060 and 3063 and the formation of three new 4Cor units, which took numbers 3156-3158. In 1955, 4Res unit 3072 was converted to a 4Buf unit following a fire in the kitchen car, which was rebuilt as a prototype Restaurant Buffet design for British Rail. In 1961-62 the kitchen cars in 4Res units 3056, 3065 and 3068 were converted into Griddle cars. The units involved were given the classification 4Gri, and in 1964 they were renumbered 3086-3088. In January 1964 the remaining 4Res units were disbanded and the carrriages reformed with former 6Pul and 6Pan stock. Between then and the final withdrawal of these carriages at the end of the 1960s, a variety of different unit formations were created, including further 4Cor units (numbers 3159-3166), 6Cor (3041-3050), 4Pul (3054-3059), 4Cor(N) (3065-3071) and 6TC (601). For further details of this complex period of unit reformations, see here. Withdrawal & Further Use Apart from the 4Res units, which were disbanded in 1964, the 4Cor, 4Buf and 4Gri types continued in existence through to the withdrawal of this stock from passenger service in 1971. Thereafter, the underframes of a number of carriages were reused by the engineering department as long welded rail carriers and crane runners. A full list of vehicles affected is below: | ew Number | !Old Number !New Number ! !Old Number !New Number | | 0081 | 975519 | |11847 |975520 | |11846 |975521 | | 1849 | 975522 | |11856 |975523 | |11817 |975524 | | 1854 | 975525 | |10064 |975526 | |11800 |975527 | | 2245 | 975528 | |10079 |975529 | |11815 |975530 | | 1802 | 975531 | |10103 |975532 | |12235 |DS70281 | Preservation One complete unit was saved for preservation, as were a number of individual vehicles. Details are set out below: | ype | DMBTO | TTK | Trailer | DMBTO | align=left|Livery | align=left|Owner | align=left|Notes | | lign=center|3072 | align=center|4Buf | align=center|- | align=center|- | align=center|TRBT 12613 | align=center|- | Unknown | Privately owned, Shepherds Bush | align=left|Originally a 4Res TRKT. | | lign=center|3084 | align=center|4Buf | align=center|- | align=center|- | align=center|TRBT 12529 | align=center|- | BR Green | Nene Valley Railway | Badly damaged by fire. | | lign=center|3131 | align=center|4Cor | align=center|11179 | align=center|- | align=center|- | align=center|- | BR Green | National Railway Museum | align=left|- | | lign=center|3135 | align=center|4Cor | align=center|11187 | align=center|- | align=center|- | align=center|- | SR Green | Southern Electric Group | align=left|- | | lign=center|3142 | align=center|4Cor | align=center|11161 | align=center|10096 | align=center|TCK 11825 | align=center|11201 | SR Green | Southern Electric Group | align=left|11161 ex-4Res unit 3065. | External Links
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