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Battle Of ChesmaThe naval Battle of Chesma occurred 5-7 July 1770 and was the first of a number of disastrous fleet battles for Turkey against Russia. The war had started in 1769 and the Russians sent several fleets to the Mediterranean Sea to draw attention away from their Black Sea fleet, then only 6 battleships strong. On the 5th of July the Russians attacked a double line of Turkish battleships north of Chesma Bay, on the western coast of Turkey, in the area between mainland Turkey and Chios which was the site of so many naval battles between Turkey and Venice. After the Turkish flagship Real Mustafa 84 caught fire and exploded, destroying also the Russian battleship Sv. Evstafii 68, the Turks fled southward and arranged themselves defensively in the bay near the town of Chesma. During the 6th the Russians bombarded the Turkish ships and land positions and on the 7th they attacked with part of their fleet, and sent in 3 fireships, which contributed to the burning of almost the entire Turkish fleet. The battleship Rodos 60 survived and was captured along with 5 galleys (or galliots?). Russian casualties on the 5th were 650 killed, mostly in Sv. Evstafii, and about 30 wounded, and on the 7th 11 killed. Turkish casualties were much higher. This was the only significant naval battle during the Russo-Turkish War. Ships involved: Battleships:
Svyatoslav 84
Rostislav 68
Sv. Evstafii 68 - Blew up, 5 July
Evropa 66
Ne tron menya 66
Saratov 66
Sv. Ianuarii 66
Tri Ierarcha 66 (flagship)
Tri Svyatitelya 66
Frigates:
Afrika 32
Nadezhda 32
Sv. Nikolai 26/38?
Bomb:
Grom 12
Fireships:
? - Sunk by 2 Turkish galleys, 7 July
? - Scuttled, 7 July
? - Scuttled, 7 July, burning 1 ship
?
- about 718 guns Armed merchant ships possibly involved:
Sv. Pavel 8
Graf Tchernyshev 22
Graf Panin 18
Graf Orlov 18
Turkey (Hosameddin) (details uncertain)
Real Mustafa 84 (flagship) - Blew up, 5 July
Rodos 60 - Captured, 7 July
? 100 - Burnt, 7 July
9 other battleships - Burnt, 7 July
6 frigates - Burnt, 7 July
6 xebecs - Burnt, 7 July
8 galleys - Burnt, 7 July
5 galleys - Captured, 7 July
32 small craft - Burnt, 7 July
- about 1300 guns Chesma Chesma
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