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Army Of The CumberlandThe Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union armies of the west during the Civil War, formerly known as the Army of the Ohio. History The Army of the Cumberland dates its origion back to the creation of the Army of the Ohio in November, 1861 under the command of Brigadier General Robert Anderson. The army fought under the name Army of the Ohio until Major General William S. Rosecrans assumed command of the army and Dept of the Cumberland and changed the name to the Army of the Cumberland. When Rosecrans assumed command the army and the XIV Corps were the same unit, broken up into three wings commanded by Alexander McCook (Rigth Wing), George H. Thomas (Center) and Thomas L. Crittenden (Left Wing). The army fought at the Battle of Stones River. After the battle the army and XIV Corps were separated. The former Center wing became the XIV Corp, the former right wing became the XX Corps and the former Left Wing became the XXI Corps. Rosecrans still retained command of the army. He next led it through the Tullahoma campaign and at the Battle of Chickamauga. After Chickamauga the army became besieged at Chattanooga. Major General Ulysses S. Grant arrived at Chattanooga to assume command of the armies of the Cumberland, Tennessee and reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac. Rosecrans had been a popular and respected commander but Grant still chose to replace him with George H. Thomas on October 28, 1863. At the Battle of Chattanooga Grant had been leary of using the Army of the Cumberland in the main fighting fearing their moral to be to low after the defeat at Chiackamauga. Instead he used the veterans from the Army of the Potomac, prideful of their recent victory at the Battle of Gettysburg to take Lookout Mountain and planned to use the troops from the Army of the Tennessee, also recent victors at the Siege of Vicksburg, to attack the Confederate right flank on Missionary Ridge. The Army of the Cumberland had been given the minor task of seizing the rifle pits at the base of Missionary Ridge. However once, they achieved their objective four divisions (one led by Philip H. Sheridan) stormed up the ridge and routed the Confederate center. Grant shouted from his headquarters who had ordered those troops up the ridge both Thomas and Gordon Granger a corps commander in the army responded they did not know. Thomas then replies "once those boys get started all hell can't stop 'em". After Chattanooga, William T. Sherman assumed command of all Union armies in the west and created an army group of the Army of the Cumberland, the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of the Ohio and marched towards Atlanta. In September Atlanta fell to Sherman's army group. When General John B. Hood moved north Sherman chose not to follow him and instead dispatched the Army of the Cumberland and the Army of the Ohio after him. Thomas finally met Hood at the Battle of Nashville and crushed him, thus bringing to an end any significant military actions for the Army of the Cumberland. It participated in the Grand Review in Washington, D.C., before President Andrew Johnson, in 1865. Commanders Major Battles and Campaigns References http://www.civilwarchronicles.com/generals/fedgent1.htm#THOMAS,%20Henry%20G
http://www.civilwarhome.com/usforces.htm See Also Army of the Ohio Cumberland, Army of the
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