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Antipope John XxiiiAntipope John XXIII, antipope of the Pisan party (1410-1415), (about 1370 - November 22, 1419), was born as Baldassare Cossa. Cardinal Baldassare Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May of 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those belonging to the obedience of Antipope Benedict XIII, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader. They elected Pope Alexander V in 1409. Cossa succeeded him a year later. Edward Gibbon asserts in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire that John XXIII was charged with piracy, murder, rape, sodomy, and incest... with the more serious charges being suppressed. Of course, this needs to be viewed in the light of the political situation of the time, as the charges were likely trumped up; note the similarity to the charges against the Knights Templar. He should not be confused with Pope John XXIII of the 20th century. The international fraternity Kappa Sigma traditionally traces its origins to Cossa's governorship of Bologna, Italy. His campaign of assault and robbery against the students of the University of Bologna led to their organizing secretly under the teacher Manuel Chrysoloras for mutual protection against Cossa's brigands. Kappa Sigma evolved from this conspiracy, spreading across Europe through the Renaissance to reach America in 1869. John XXIII John XXIII John 23
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