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Ansi Escape CodeANSI escape codes are used to specify visual effects on text terminals. They are typically initiated with the characters \e (backslash-'e') and [ (left bracket). From the MS-DOS prompt command, the escape character can be specified as $e, e.g. prompt $e[44m;... would specify a blue background as part of the prompt. In QBasic or GWBASIC, the code would be CHR$(27) or CHR$(&H1B) (for those of you who prefer hexadecimal). (27d or 1Bh is the same code as the keyboard code when you press the button ESC on your keyboard.) DOS systems need a driver for the ANSI codes — typically ansi.sys, but there are others used. | ome ANSI codes | | Code !! Effect | | ESC [nA | Moves the cursor up n rows. If the cursor is already at the top of the screen, this has no effect. If n is not given, 1 is used. | | ESC [nB | Moves the cursor down n rows. If the cursor is already at the bottom of the screen, this has no effect. If n is not given, 1 is used. | | ESC [nC | Moves the cursor right n rows. If the cursor is already at the edge of the screen, this has no effect. If n is not given, 1 is used. | | ESC [nD | Moves the cursor left n rows. If the cursor is already at the edge of the screen, this has no effect. If n is not given, 1 is used. | | ESC [n;mf | Moves the cursor to row n, column m. If n is not given, 1 is used. | | ESC [n;mH | Moves the cursor to row n, column m. If n is not given, 1 is used. | | ESC [=nh | Set screen mode. | | ESC [nJ | Clears part of the screen. If n is zero, clear from cursor to end of screen. If n is one, clear from cursor to beginning of the screen. If n is two, clear entire screen. | | ESC [nK | Erases part of the line. If n is zero, clear from cursor to the end of the line. If n is one, clear from cursor to beginning of the line. If n is two, clear entire line. | | ESC [=nl | Reset screen mode. | | ESC [n...km | Sets graphics parameters. | | ESC [code;param[;param]p | Redefines a key. | | ESC [n;mR | Sets the cursor to row n, column m, and reports this to the system. | | ESC [s | Saves the cursor position. | | ESC [u | Restores the cursor position. | | creen modes | | Code !! Effect | | 0 | 40 25 mono | | 1 | 40 25 colour | | 2 | 80 25 mono | | 3 | 80 25 colour | | 4 | 320 200 colour | | 5 | 320 200 mono | | 6 | 640 200 mono | | 7 | Wrap at end of line | | raphics parameters | | Code !! Effect | | 0 | All attributes off | | 1 | Bold | | 2 | Faint | | 3 | Italic | | 5 | Blink | | 6 | Rapid blink | | 7 | Reverse video | | 8 | Concealed | | 30 | Black foreground | | 31 | Red foreground | | 32 | Green foreground | | 33 | Yellow foreground | | 34 | Blue foreground | | 35 | Magenta foreground | | 36 | Cyan foreground | | 37 | White foreground | | 40 | Black background | | 41 | Red background | | 42 | Green background | | 43 | Yellow background | | 44 | Blue background | | 45 | Magenta background | | 46 | Cyan background | | 47 | White background | | 48 | Subscript | | 49 | Superscript | Examples: ESC[0;68;"DIR";13p - This re-assigns the key F10 to send to the keyboard buffer the string "DIR" and ENTER, which in the DOS command line would display the contents of the current directory. ESC[2J - This clears the screen and locates the cursor to the y,x position 0,0. ESC[32m - This makes text green. Normally the green would be dark, dull green, so you may wish to enable Bold with the code ESC[1m which would make it bright green. ESC[s - This saves the cursor position. Using the code ESC[u will restore it to the position. Say the current cursor position is 7(y) and 10(x). The code ESC[s will save those two numbers. Now you can move to a different cursor position, such as 20(y) and 3(x), using the code ESC[20;3H or ESC[20;3f. Now if you use the code ESC[u the cursor position will return to 7(y) and 10(x). See also External Links - Standard ECMA-48: Control Functions for Coded Character Sets 5th edition (June 1991)
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