Animal Locomotion
In
biology
and
physics
,
animal
locomotion
is the study of how
animals
move, and is part of
biophysics
. Much of the study is an application of
Newton's third law of motion
: if at rest, to move forwards an animal must push something backwards. Terrestrial animals must push the solid ground, swimming and flying animals must push against a
fluid
(either
air
or
water
). The topic splits into five disjoint categories:
animal locomotion on land
(
walking
and
running
)
animal locomotion in air
(
flying
)
animal locomotion in water
(
swimming
including
fish
and
ducks
)
animal locomotion on the surface layer
(small animals relying on
surface tension
such as the
water strider
)
animal locomotion by water-walkers
(the
basilisk lizard
).
The distinction between the second and third topics is that in the second, the animal does not need to expend energy to defeat
gravity
; in or on the water,
buoyancy
counteracts the animal's
weight
.
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