Amphipathic
An
amphipathic
(a.k.a. amphiphilic)
molecule
contains both
hydrophobic
and
hydrophilic
groups. The
hydrophobic
group can be a long carbon chain, with the form: CH
3
(CH
2
)
n
, with 4 < n < 16. The
hydrophilic
group falls into one of the following categories:
Ionic Molecules
Anionic
(with respect to the charge on the group maintaining hydrophobia). Examples are:
fatty acids
: RCO
2
-
Na
+
;
sulfates
: RSO
4
-
Na
+
;
sulfonates
: RSO
3
-
Na
+
.
Cationic
. These are generically bactericidal and hence non-biodegradable.
Amphoteric
Molecules. Examples are
phospholipids
, one of the main constituents of biological
membranes
: they insulate the cells from the surrounding medium.
Non-Ionic Molecules. A small
polymer
is grafted onto a
hydrophobic
segment.
Block
Copolymers
Floation additives
See also
Free
surface energy
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Surfactant
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