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Unequal TreatiesThe "Unequal Treaties" (lit. Chinese: 不平等條約) were a series of treaties signed by the Qing Empire in China and foreign powers (Chinese: 列強) during the 19th and early 20th centuries. China considered these treaties "unequal" because in most cases China saw itself as being forced to pay large amounts of reparations, open up ports, cede lands, and make various concessions to foreign "spheres of influence", usually following military defeats. List of major Unequal Treaties External Links TREATY PORTS & EXTRATERRITORIALITY IN 1920s CHINA
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