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Tongzhi EmperorThe Tongzhi Emperor (April 27, 1856–January 12, 1875) was the ninth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the eighth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1861 to 1875. The son of Empress Dowager Cixi, Tongzhi attempted political reform in the period of the Tongzhi Restoration. His reign name is a contraction of the classical phrase tonggui yu zhi (同歸與治), which means "to reform/restore together a state of order". Tongzhi became an emperor of the age of five when his father, Emperor Xianfeng passed away. His mother, Empress Dowager Cixi, his senior mother, Empress Dowager Ci'an, and his uncle, Prince Gong, became regents after getting rid of the former regent, Sushun. He married Lady Alute from a Mongol clan. He died of smallpox and had no sons to succeed him. His mothers, the two dowagers, resumed regency after appointing 1st Prince Chun's son, Guangxu, his reigning title. Tongzhi was only 19 when he died. A few months later, his empress, Empress Alute committed suicide.
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