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Tom ConstantenTom Constanten Musician, primarily keyboardist, born March 19, 1944, best known for his stint with the Grateful Dead from 1968-1970. Known as "T.C.", he studied music at U.C. Berkeley, where he met Phil Lesh. At this age, T.C. was known to toss around phrases like "Music stopped being created in 1750 but it started again in 1950." He and Lesh studied with Luciano Berio, the Italian modernist composer, and both were influenced by Mahler. Though not a member of the Grateful Dead yet, T.C. played prepared piano on the group's second album, Anthem of the Sun, and formally joined them in November of 1968, to supplement Pigpen's weak organ playing. He also played keyboards on 1969's Aoxomoxoa release, and left the band in January 1970. Dennis McNally (later the band's publicist) argues that he did not fit in with the Dead ethos; for example, he followed Scientology and refused to take LSD. In terms of recorded output, Constanten became more active in the early 1990s, releasing an album of classical sonatas, as well as two albums mixing original material with a few Dead songs, and one album (Dead Ringers) entirely composed of Dead and Dylan songs. T.C. has toured several times over the last ten years. References McNally, Dennis. A Long Strange Trip: The Inside History of the Grateful Dead. New York: Broadway Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7679-1186-5 External Links Grateful Dead Family Discography: Tom Constanten
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