Taxonomy Of Manufacturing Processes

1. Casting and molding
1. Casting
1. Sand
2. Plastic mold
3. Shell mold
4. Investment (lost wax, precision)
5. Permanent mold
6. Centrifugal
7. Die
8. Slush or slurry
9. Full mold
10. Low pressure
11. Continuous Molding
2. Molding
1. Powder metallurgy
1. Compaction plus sintering
2. Plastics
1. Injection
2. Compression
3. Transfer
4. Extrusion
5. Blow
6. Rotational
7. Thermoforming
8. Laminating
9. Expandable bead
10. Foam
11. Rotomolding
12. Vacuum plug assist
13. Pressure plug assist
14. Matched mold
2. Deformation (forming and shearing)
1. Forming
1. Forging
1. Smith
2. Hammer
3. Drop
4. Press
5. Impact (see also extrusion)
6. Upset
7. No draft
8. High-energy-rate
9. Cored
10. Incremental
11. Powder
2. Rolling
1. Shape
2. Ring
3. Transverse
4. Orbital
5. Cross-rolling
6. Thread
3. Stretching (expanding)
4. Drawing (shrinking) of wire bar or tube
1. Embossing
2. Coining
3. Stamping
4. Sizing
5. Redrawing
6. Bulging
7. Necking
8. Nosing
9. Ironing
5. Deep drawing
6. Swaging
7. Extrusion
8. Spinning
9. Bending
10. Miscellaneous other
1. Peening
2. Guerin process
3. Wheelon process
4. Magnetic pulse
5. Explosive
6. Electroforming
7. Staking
8. Seaming
9. Flanging
10. Straightening
2. Shearing
1. Line shearing (slitting)
2. Blanking
3. Piercing or punching
4. Follow-up on #2 and #3
1. Trimming
2. Shaving
3. Notching
4. Perforating
5. Nibling
6. Dinking
7. Lancing
8. Cutoff
3. Pulverizing
1. Crushing
1. Jaw crusher
2. Gyratory crusher
3. Rollers
4. Edge runner
5. Hammer mill
2. Grinding
1. Ball mill
2. Buhrstone mill
3. Atomization
4. Centrifugal disintegration
3. Machining (material removal)
1. Milling
1. Peripheral (slab)
2. Face
3. Chemical
2. Turning
1. Facing
2. Boring
3. Spinning (flow turning)
4. Knurling
5. Cutoff (parting)
3. Drilling
1. Reaming
2. Countersinking
3. Tapping
4. Sawing
1. Filing
5. Broaching
6. Shaping
1. Horizontal
2. Vertical
3. Special purpose
7. Planing
1. Double housing
2. Open-side
3. Edge or plate
4. Pit-type
8. Grinding (abrasive machining)
1. Abrasive jet machining
2. Honing
3. Lapping
4. Superfinishing
5. Barrel finishing
6. Vibratory finishing
7. Spindle finishing
8. Abrasive belt
9. Polishing
10. Buffing
11. Burnishing
12. Grit- or shot-blasting
13. Tumbling
14. Wire brushing
15. Electropolishing
16. Electro-chemical grinding
9. Routing
10. Hobbing (hubbing)
11. Ultrasonic
12. Electrical discharge
13. Electron beam
14. Electrochemical
15. Chemical
16. Photochemical
17. Laser beam
4. Joining
1. Welding
1. Arc
1. Manual metal
2. Shielded metal
3. Gas metal
1. Pulsed
2. Short circuit
3. Electrogas
4. Spray transfer
4. Gas tungsten
5. Flux-cored
6. Submerged
7. Plasma arc
8. Carbon arc
9. Stud
10. Electroslag
11. Atomic hydrogen
12. Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas)
13. Impregnated tape
2. Oxyfuel gas
1. Oxy-acetylene gas
2. Methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP)
3. Air-acetylene
4. Oxyhydrogen
5. Pressure gas
1. CO₂
3. Resistance
1. Spot
2. Projection
3. Seam
4. Flash butt (flash)
5. Upset(butt)
6. Percussion
4. Solid state
1. Ultrasonic
2. Explosive
3. Diffusion
1. Hot press
2. Isostatic hot gas
3. Vacuum furnace
4. Friction
5. Inertia
6. Forge
7. Cold
8. Roll
5. Electron beam
6. Laser beam
7. Pencil
1. How Pencil made
2. Solid-state
3. Axial-flow gas
4. Cross-flow gas
8. Thermite
9. Induction
1. Low frequency (50-450 Hz)
2. High frequency (induction resistance; 200-450 kHz)
10. High frequency resistance
11. Electromagnetic
12. Flow
2. Brazing
1. Torch
2. Induction
3. Furnace
4. Dip
5. Resistance
6. Infrared
7. Vacuum
3. Soldering
1. Iron
2. Resistance
3. Hot plate
4. Oven
5. Induction
6. Dip
7. Wave
8. Ultrasonic
4. Sintering (of powdered metals)
5. Adhesive bonding (incomplete)
1. Thermo-setting and thermoplastic
1. Epoxy
2. Modified epoxy
3. Phenolics
4. Polyurethane
2. Adhesive alloys
3. Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes
6. Metal fasteners
1. Screws
2. Nuts and bolts
3. Rivets
4. Pins
1. Cotter
2. Groove
3. Tapered
4. Roll
5. Retaining rings
6. Quick-release
7. Stitching
8. Stapling
9. Shrink fitting
10. Press fitting
11. Plastic
1. Hot-air-welding
2. Friction
3. Heated metal plate
4. Solvent
5. Dielectric
6. Magnetics
7. Ultrasonic
8. Radio frequency welding

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