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Substitutionary AtonementSubstitutionary atonement is the act of restoring balances by substitution. For example, one might say that if you take an apple from a store and eat it, you need to replace it with a substitution, such as another apple or money. In the event of a wrongful act committed which cannot be undone, a substitution must be found as a recompense; the correction of imbalances created. In Christian theology, substitutionary atonement is a doctrine which states that Jesus Christ died on the Cross as a substitute provided by God for all sins. Hence, according to this doctrine, he in some way dealt with the punishment that all sinners deserve, enabling them to have their sins forgiven by God. Among those who pioneered the notion of substitutionary atonement were Anselm of Canterbury, Pierre Abelard, Thomas Aquinas, Hugo Grotius, John Calvin, John Miley, and others. Roman Catholicism (following Anselm and Aquinas) generally interprets substitutionary atonement through a merit, satisfaction, or commercial model. All Protestant evangelicals hold to some form of substitutionary atonement, whether a punishment model (Calvin) or a forgiveness model (Hugo Grotius, John Miley, Arminianism). See also:
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