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Sampa ChartSAMPA charts of consonants and vowels See a concise version of SAMPA for English sounds. Note that you will need a font that supports the Unicode IPA Extensions to see the IPA characters. Warning: this chart is an attempt to gather information of national SAMPA subcharts: the charts here contain conflicting characters. Most of the information here is therefore only valid for English and some other European languages. For a unified, general ASCII representation of the IPA symbols X-SAMPA should be used. Consonants | colspan="11" | (the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants) | | | Bilabial | Labiodentals | Dentals | Alveolars | Postalveolars | Palatals | Velars | Uvulars | Pharyngeals | Glottals | Stops
or affricates | {| width="100%" align="center" | p | b | } | | {| width="100%" align="center" | t | d | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | ts | dz | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | tS | dZ | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | c | J\ | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | k | g | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | q | G\ | } | | {| width="100%" align="center" | ? | | } | | Fricatives | {| width="100%" align="center" | p\ | B | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | f | v | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | T | D | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | s | z | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | S | Z | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | C | j\ | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | x | G | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | X | R\ | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | X\ | ?\ | } | {| width="100%" align="center" | h | h\ | } | | Nasals | m | F | | n | | J | N | | | | | Laterals | | | | l | | L | 5 | | | | | Rhotics (flaps or trills) | | | | {| width="100%" align="center" | 4 | | r | } | | | | R | | | | Approximants | H | P | | r\ | | j | w | | | | Note: It is (especially in Spanish and Italian) common use to represent the alveolar trill with rr and the alveolar flap with r. In Spanish, too, jj is used to represent the palatal fricative against the semivowel j. It has been proposed to use 4 for the alveolar flap, in which case r can be used to represent the trill (as its equivalent in the IPA system), and j\ for the palatal fricative, keeping in this way the policy of using one letter per one IPA symbol (The backslash is used to generate alternative symbols). Consonant modifiers: - ` after a consonant indicates retroflex.
- _a apical (IPA subscript inverted bridge): s_a apical 's'
- _d dental (IPA subscript bridge)
- _G velarized diacritic (IPA superscipt gamma)
- _h aspirated diacritic (IPA superscript h)
- ' palatalized. (IPA superscript j)
- _m laminal (IPA subscript box)
- _w labialized diacritic (IPA superscript w)
- _< implosive (voiced stops) (IPA hooktop)
- _> ejective (voiceless stops)
- = syllabic, as in US bird b=r\d (also written b3`d), bottle " title=""bOt=l">"bOt=l, button " title=""bVt=n">"bVt=n
Simplified list of consonants | SAMPA | width="20%" | IPA | width="30%" | Description | width="40%" | Examples | | align="center" | p | p | voiceless bilabial stop | English ''pen'' | | align="center" | b | b | voiced bilabial stop | English ''but'' | | align="center" | t | t | voiceless alveolar or dental stop | English t'wo, Spanish toma, Italian fat'a | | align="center" | d | d | voiced alveolar or dental stop | English ''do, Italian cade, Spanish andar'' | | align="center" | ts | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʦ | voiceless alveolar affricate | Italian cal'za'', z'occolo, German Zeit'' | | align="center" | dz | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʣ | voiced alveolar affricate | Italian ''zona, manzo'' | | align="center" | tS | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʧ | voiceless postalveolar affricate | English chair, picture, Spanish much'o, Italian cena, German Deutsch'e | | align="center" | dZ | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʤ | voiced postalveolar affricate | English g'in, joy'', Italian gi'orno'' | | align="center" | c | c | voiceless palatal stop | Greek ce 'and', Hungarian ty'k 'hen', like British tu'ne | | align="center" | J\ | J (overstroked j) | voiced palatal stop | Hungarian e'gy 'one', like British du'ne | | align="center" | k | k | voiceless velar stop | English c'at, k'ill, ''queen'' | | align="center" | g | g | voiced velar stop | English g'o, g'et | | align="center" | q | q | voiceless uvular stop | Arabic ''qof'' | | align="center" | p\ | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɸ (Greek phi) | voiceless bilabial fricative | Japanese ''fu'' | | align="center" | B | β (Greek beta) | voiced bilabial fricative | Some Spanish accents ca'b'o | | align="center" | | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ϐ (Greek beta alt) | voiced bilabial approximant | Spanish ca'bo, calv'o | | align="center" | f | f | voiceless labiodental fricative | English fool, enough, Spanish and Italian ''falso'' | | align="center" | v | v | voiced labiodental fricative | English ''voice'', German W'elt, Italian v'edere | | align="center" | T | θ (Greek theta) | voiceless dental fricative | English ''thing'', Castilian Spanish ca'z'a | | align="center" | | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ϑ (Greek theta alt) | voiceless dental approximant | Tuscan Italian se't'e | | align="center" | D | ð (Icelandic eth) | voiced dental fricative | English ''this, Castillian Spanish juzgar'' | | align="center" | | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | δ (Greek delta) | voiced dental approximant | Spanish ca'd'a | | align="center" | s | s | voiceless alveolar fricative | English see, pass, c'ity, Spanish sí, German groß, Italian s'uono | | align="center" | z | z | voiced alveolar fricative | English ''zoo, roses'', German ''See, Spanish riesgo, Italian rosa'' | | align="center" | S | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʃ | voiceless postalveolar fricative | English sh'e, sure, emotion'', French ch'emin, Italian scendo, German Sprache'' | | align="center" | Z | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʒ | voiced postalveolar fricative | French jour, English pleas'ure, Argentinian Spanish lluvia, Ecuadorian Spanish arriba, Tuscan Italian ragi'one | | align="center" | C | ç (cedilla) | voiceless palatal fricative | Standard German I'ch, Greek Ceri 'hand', some English pronunciations of h'uman | | align="center" | j\ (jj) | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʝ (j with crossed tail) | voiced palatal fricative | Standard Spanish a'yuda'', y'egua, some Spanish accents lluvia (yeísmo), some Italian dialects paglia "paj\j\a, some German accents ja'' | | align="center" | x | x | voiceless velar fricative | Scots lo'ch, Castilian Spanish aj'o, German Bu'ch' | | align="center" | G | γ (Greek gamma) | voiced velar fricative | Some Spanish accents al'go, agua'', Arabic gh'ain'' | | align="center" | | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɰ | voiced velar approximant | Spanish al'go, ag'ua | | align="center" | X\ | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ħ (overstroked h) | voiceless pharyngeal fricative | Arabic h. | | align="center" | ?\ | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʕ (Inverted ?) | voiced pharyngeal fricative | Arabic '''ayn'' | | align="center" | h | h | voiceless glottal approximant | English ''ham'', German H'and, Colombian Spanish jamón, Tuscan Italian sec'ondo | | align="center" | h\ | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɦ(h with upper tail to the right) | voiced glottal approximant | Hungarian le'het, English pronunciations of beh'ave | | align="center" | m | m | bilabial nasal | English ''man, Spanish hambre, Italian fame'' | | align="center" | F | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɱ (m with downward right tail) | labiodental nasal | Spanish i'nfierno, enfermo, Italian trionfo, Hungarian kámfor, hon'vágy | | align="center" | n | n | alveolar or dental nasal | English, Spanish and Italian ''no'' | | align="center" | J | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɲ (n with downward left tail) | palatal nasal | English ca'ny'on, Spanish a'ñ'o, French oi'gn'ion, Italian ''gnocchi, Hungarian anyu'' | | align="center" | N | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ŋ (n with downward right tail) | velar nasal | English si'nger, ring, Spanish bla'nco, manguera, Italian bianco, pongo, German lang'e, Tagalog ngayn'', ng'ong'' | | align="center" | l | l | alveolar lateral | English l'eft, Spanish largo'', Italian l'ungo'' | | align="center" | L | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʎ turned down y, alt. λ (Greek lambda) | palatal lateral | Italian a'glio, famigli'a, Catalan co'lla, Castilian Spanish cuell'o | | align="center" | 5 | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɫ (l with middle tilde) | velarized dental lateral | English mi'l'k (dark l), Catalan a'l'ga | | align="center" | 4 (r) | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɾ (r without upper-left serif) | alveolar flap | Spanish pe'ro, Italian esser'e | | align="center" | r (rr) | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | r | alveolar trill | Spanish pe'rro'', r'ey, Italian arrivare, terra'' | | align="center" | r\ | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɹ (r rotate 180°) | retroflexed alveolar approximant | English ''run, very'' | | align="center" | R | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʀ (small capital R) | uvular trill | French ''rue'', standard German ''Reich, Farb'' | | align="center" | P | ʋ | labiodental approximant | Dutch ''Waar'' | | align="center" | w | w | velo-labial approximant | English w'e, French ou'i, Spanish hu'eso, huevo, Italian acqua, gu'ida | | align="center" | H | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɥ (turned down h) | palato-labial approximant | French ''huit'' | | align="center" | j | j | palatal approximant | English y'es, Frech y'eux, German j'a, Italian ione, paio, Spanish pi'erna | (The sounds of the Spanish b in ca'bo and d in cad'a are not represented by the symbols β, δ, despite what the creators of the SAMPA may think. Those sounds are not fricatives but approximants. Look at: http://elies.rediris.es/elies16/Rios96.html - Spanish only) Vowels | style="background: #ccf;" colspan="6" | Vowels | | style="height: 5px; padding: 0;" colspan="6" | | | ! style="background: #ccf;"| front ! near-front ! style="background: #ccf;"| central ! near-back ! style="background: #ccf;"| back | | style="text-align: right;"| close | i • y | | 1 • } | | M • u | | style="text-align: right;"| near-close | style="background: #ccf;"| | I • Y | style="background: #ccf;"| | U | style="background: #ccf;"| | | style="text-align: right;"| close-mid | e • 2 | @\ • 8 | 7 • o | | align="right" style="padding-right: 3px;"| mid | style="background: #ccf;"| | style="background: #ccf;"| @ | style="background: #ccf;"| | | style="text-align: right;"| open-mid | E • 9 | 3 • 3\ | V • O | | style="text-align: right;"| near-open | style="background: #ccf;"| { | style="background: #ccf;"| 6 | style="background: #ccf;"| | | style="text-align: right;"| open | a • & | A • Q | Vowel modifiers: - _~ after a vowel indicates that it is nasalised (e.g. French bon bO~ ).
- : after a vowel indicates that it is lengthened (e.g. Japanese shōshō So:So:, English see si: ).
- ` after a vowel indicates rhoticity (e.g. US English bird b3`d ).
- _^ non syllabic vowel (IPA subscript arch)
| colspan="4" | SAMPA: simplified list of vowels | | width="10%" | SAMPA | width="20%" | IPA | width="30%" | Description | Examples | | align="center" | i | i | front closed unrounded vowel | English s'ee, Spanish sí;, French vite, German mieten, Italian vi'sto | | align="center" | I | small capital I | front closed unrounded vowel, but somewhat more centralised and relaxed | English c'ity, German mi't | | align="center" | e | e | front half closed unrounded vowel | US English b'ear'', Spanish é'l, French année, German mehr, Italian rete, Catalan més'' | | align="center" | E | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɛ | front half open unrounded vowel | English b'ed, French même,German Herr, Mä'nner, Italian f'erro, Catalan mes, Spanish pe'rro | | align="center" | { | ae ligature, æ | front open unrounded vowel | English c'a't | | align="center" | y | y | front closed rounded vowel | French d'u, German Tü'r | | align="center" | 2 | slashed o, ø | front half closed rounded vowel | French d'eux (hence '2'), German Höh'le | | align="center" | 9 | oe ligature, œ | front half open rounded vowel | French n'euf (hence '9'), German Hö'lle | | align="center" | 1 | overstroked i, i | central closed unrounded vowel | Russian м'ы'с m1s 'mouse' | | align="center" | @ | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ə (turned down e) schwa | central neutral unrounded vowel | English about, winner,German bitte | | align="center" | 6 | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɐ (turned down a) open schwa | central neutral unrounded vowel | German bess'er' | | align="center" | 3 | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɜ (Greek epsilon mirrored to the left) | front half open unrounded vowel, but somewhat more centralised and relaxed | English b'ir'd | | align="center" | a | a | central open vowel | Spanish d'a, barra, French ba'teau, l'ac, German Haar, Italian pa'zzo | | align="center" | } | overstroked u, ʉ | central closed rounded vowel | Scottish English p'ool, Swedish sju' | | align="center" | 8 | overstroked o, ɵ | central neutral rounded vowel | Swedish k'u'st | | align="center" | & | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | small capital OE ligature, ɶ | front open rounded vowel | American English th'a't | | align="center" | M | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɯ (upside-down m) | back closed unrounded vowel | Japanese f'u'ji, Vietnamese ư Korean 으 | | align="center" | 7 | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɤ (squeezed Greek gamma) | back half closed unrounded vowel | Vietnamese ơ Korean 어 | | align="center" | V | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʌ (turned down v) | back half open unrounded vowel | RP and US English r'un, enou'gh | | align="center" | A | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɑ ('d' with no upper tail) | back open unrounded vowel | English arm, US English law, standard French ''âme'' | | align="center" | u | u | back closed rounded vowel | English s'oon, Spanish tú', French g'oût, German Hut, Mutter, Italian azzurro, tu'tto | | align="center" | U | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ʊ (turned down small capital Greek omega) | back closed rounded vowel somewhat more centralised and relaxed | English p'ut, Bu'ddhist | | align="center" | o | o | back half closed rounded vowel | US English s'ore, Scottish English boat, Spanish yo, French b'eau, German S'ohle, Italian dove'', Catalan o'na'' | | align="center" | O | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɔ (c mirrored to the left) | back half open rounded vowel | British English l'aw, caught, Italian cosa, Catalan do'na, | | align="center" | Q | style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial Unicode MS'" | ɒ ('b' with no upper tail) | back open rounded vowel | British English n'ot, cough, German To'll | Stress is indicated by " title=""">" for primary stress, and % for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/sampa/home.htm SAMPA charts for specific languages
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