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Reference Ranges For Common Blood TestsA reference range is a set of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results. The range is usually defined as the set of values 95% of the normal population falls within. It must be remembered that the reference range will vary, depending on the age, sex and race of a population, and even the machines the laboratory uses to do the tests. Also remember that by definition 5% of the normal population will fall outside the reference range. These are approximate adult values that are intended as a guide to students and those interested, they are not a substitute for medical advice. | Ionised calcium (Ca) | 1.15 - 1.29 mmol/L | Some calcium is bound to albumin, thus not measured by certain techniques. | | Total calcium (Ca) | 2.05 - 2.55 mmol/L | | | Copper (Cu) | 11 - 26 μmol/L | | | Zinc (Zn) | 10 - 17 μmol/L | | | Haemoglobin (Hb) (male) | 130 - 180 g/L | Higher in neonates, lower in children. | | (female) | 115 - 160 g/L | Sex difference negligible until adulthood. | | Haematocrit (Hct) (male) | 0.38 - 0.52 | | | (female) | 0.35 - 0.47 | | | Mean cell volume (MCV) | 80 - 98 fL | Cells are larger in neonates, though smaller in other children. | | Mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) | 26 - 34 pg | | | Red cell count (male) | 4.5 - 6.5 x1012/L | | | (female) | 3.8 - 5.8 x1012/L | | | Reticulocytes | 10 - 100 x109/L | | Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR) | <20 mm/hr | Females tend to have a higher ESR. ESR increases with age. |
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