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Raum The OldRaum the Old (Old Norse Raumr inn gamli) is a legendary king in Norway in the Hversu Noregr byggdist and in Thorsteins saga Vkingssonar. In Thorsteins saga Vkingssonar The account of Raum at the beginning of Thorsteins saga Vkingssonar presents Raum as king (and presumably as eponym) of Raumarki, a region to the northeast of modern Oslo. Because king Raum was a very big man and very ugly, from thenceforward the word raumr was used to mean a large, ugly man. Nothing here is said of Raum's ancestry. Raum's daughter Bryngard (Bryngarr), a large woman and not beautiful, was the wife of King lf the Old (lfr inn gamli) of lfheim (an old name for eastern Viken). In this saga King lf's neices are of the same generation as a King lf (lfr) who is said to be the brother of King nund (Ǫnundr) of Sweden. In Heversu Noregr byggdist Raum and his sons In Heversu Noregr byggdist, Raum is one of the three sons of Nr, the legendary first king of Norway, and succeeds his father as a ruler and ancestor of rulers over southwestern Norway. Raum attended a Yule feast given by Bergfin (Bergfinn) son of Thrym (rymr) the Giant of Vermland and bedded Bergfin's sister Bergds (Bergdsr). Bergds subsequently bore three sons: Bjrn (Bjǫrn 'bear'), Brand (Brandr 'sword'), and lf (lfr 'elf'). lf was fostered by Bergfin himself and so became known as Finnlf (Finnlfr). Bjrn was kept by his mother and his name was expanded to Jtunbjrn (Jǫtunbjǫrn 'Giant-bear'). Brand was sent to his father Raum who dedicated him to the gods (whatever that means exactly), and so he was afterwards known as Gudbrand (Gubrandr 'God-sword'). Later Raum married Hild the daughter of Gudrd the Old (Gurǫr inn gamli) the son of King Slvi (Sǫlvi) who first ruled the land now called Sleyjar (the modern region of Solr comprising the municipalities of Grue, snes, and Vler). However the Ynglinga saga says that Slvi the Old who first cleared Sleyar lived much later, making this Slvi to be the father of a second Slvi, the father of Halfdan Goldtooth (Hlfdanr Gulltanni), the father of Slveig or Slva who married laf Woodcutter (lafr Trtelgja). But Af Upplendinga Konungum claims that Olaf's wife Slva was the sister of King Slvi the Old. By his wfie Hild, Raum became father of four legitimate sons: Gudrd, Hauk (Haukr) or Hd (Hǫr), Hadding (Haddingr), and Hring (Hringr). Descendants of Raum Descendants of Gudbrand Gudbrand inherited the valley Gudbrandsdal from his father Raum. King Gudbrand was father of King Audleif (Auleifr), father of King Gudmund (Gumundr), father of Gudbrand who rejected the title of king but called himself Jarl instead, and yet was the most powerful Jarl in the northern lands. Jarl Gudbrand's son was Jarl Geirmund (Geirmundr), father of Jarl Hrdgeir (Hrgeirr), father of Gudbrand who rejected the title of Jarl and called himself hersir 'lord' as did his descendants. Descendants of Jtunbjrn Jtunbjrn the Old inherited Raums Dale from his father King Raum. (Raums Dale is the modern district of Romsdal in the country of Mre og Romsdal. Jtunbjrn was father of King Raum, father of Hrossbjrn (Hrossbjǫrn), father of Orm Broken-shell (Ormr Skjelamoli), father of Knatti who had two sons: Throlf (rolfr) and Ketil Raum (Ketill Raumr). A variant of this genealogy appears at the beginning of the Vatnsdla saga in which Ketil the Large is the direct son of Orm Broken-shell with no mention of either Knatti or of Ketil's brother Throlf. Also nothing is said of Jtunbjrn's ancestry, only that he was from the north of Norway. The Hversu then relates that Throlf was father of Helgi, the father of Bersi, the father of Thormd (ormr), the father of Thrlaug (rlaugr) who was the mother of Tungu-Odd (Tungu-Oddr). In the Landnmabk (1:15) it is said that two brothers whose ancestry is not given settled the Akraness in Iceland between Kalman's river (Kalmansr) and Char river (Aurridar). One was Thormod who settled the land to the south of Reymir, and dwelt at Holm; he was the father of Bersi and Geirlaug, the mother of Tungu-Odd (Tungu-Oddr). The other was named Ketil. Further information appears in the Landnmabk (1.20). Tungu-Odd is a major character in Hnsna-Thris saga (Hen-Thrir's saga). Geirlaug rather than Thorlaug is the name of Tungu-Odd's mother in all accounts except for that of the Hversu. Descendants of Finnlf the Old According to the Hversu, Finnalf inherited the land of East Dale (Eystri-Dal, probably the modern Dal) and all the land north of Lake Vnir (modern Lake Vnern) from the Gaut Elf river (the modern Gta lv river) north to the Raum Elf river (the modern Glomma river), and that the land was then called lfheim. Finnlf married Svanhild (Svanhildr) who was called Gold-feather (Gullfjǫr) and was the daugher of Day (Dagr) son of Dayspring (Dellingr) by Sun (Sl) daughter of Mundilfari. Dag as a personficiation of day and the sun-goddess Sl are mentioned elsewhere, but only the Hversu mentions their daughter. Svandhild bore Finnlf a son named Svan the Red (Svanr inn raur) who was father of Sfari, father of lf (lfr), father of lf, father of Ingimund (Ingimundr) and Eystein (Eysteinn). According to the eddic poem Hyndluljd (stanza 12), ttar, whose genealogy is the subject of this poem, was son of Innstein (Innsteinn), son of lf the Old, son of lf, son of Sfari, son of Svan the Red. So the Innstein of the Hyndluljd and Eystein of the Hversu are presumably identical. Descendants of Gudrd Gudrd, Raum's eldest legitimate son, inherited the largest portion of his father's lands. Gudrd's son was Eystein the Wicked {Eysteinn illri) who conquered part of Trondheim and set his son nund over it. When nund was killed in a revolt, Eystein made his dog Saur king of the territory. The tale is also told more fully as a deed of long ago in the Saga of Hakon the Good in the Heimskringla where Eystein (no parentage given) is said to be King of the Uplands in Norway, part of the modern province of Oppland. See Snr for another use of the dog king motif. Descendants of Hd Hd ruled over Hadaland (Haaland), the modern Hadeland in the province of Oppland. Hd was father of Hddbrodd (Hǫdbroddr). (The name Hd is identical to that born by the slayer of the god Baldr in other tales. And while the Hd of the Hversu is said to be father of a son named Hddbrodd, in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (Book 3) Htherus, the slayer of Balderus, is the son of Hothbrodus or Hothbroddus.) The Hversu relates that Hddbrodd son of Hd was the father of Hrlf (Hrlf), father of Hrmund Beserk (Hrmundr beserkr), father of three children: Hmund (Hmundr), Haki, and Gunnld (Gunnlǫr). Hmund was Jarl of Hrdaland (modern Hordaland and father of Hrk the Black (Hrkr inn svartr) and Hrk the White (Hrkr inn hvtr). Haki was father of Hrdgeir (Hrgeirr), father of Haki Beserk. Gunnld was the mother of stein (steinn) and Innstein (Innsteinn). In Hlfs saga ok Hlfsrekka ('The saga of Hlf and his heroes'), the two brothers named Hrk and the brothers tstein (tstein) and Instein play prominent roles. This saga nameds the father of tstein (tstein) and Instein as a Jarl named lf the Old of Hrdaland, which is one of Hlf's kingdoms. Hrk the Black was the father of Gunnld (Gunnlǫr) the mother of Hrmund Grip's son, the protagonist of Hrmundar saga Gripssonar ('Saga of Hrmund Grip's son'). Two sons of Hrmund named Bjrnlf (Bjǫrnlfr) and Hrald (Hraldr) appear among the first Norse settlers in Iceland in the Landnmabk (1.3) and are mentioned in other sagas. Descendants of Hadding The Hversu tells that Hadding son of Raum ruled over Haddingjadal and Telemark (elamrk). He was father of son also named Hadding, who himself was father of another Hadding, father of Hgni the Red. The Hversu then comments cryptically that after him the three Haddings (Haddingjar) took power, that they ruled one after the other, and that Helgi Hadding-prince (Haddingjaskati) was one of them. The Haddingjar are otherwise known as two of the brothers of Arngrim of which the fullest account is in Hervarar saga and are certainly not the Haddingjar spoken of by the Hversu. (But some suspect all references to the Haddingjar are garblings of old traditions about the divine twins.) Helgi Haddingjaskati is mentioned in the prose epilogue to the eddic poem Helgavida Hundingsbana II which states that Helgi Hundingsbane and his Valkyrie and his lover Sigrn were afterwards reincarnated as Helgi Haddingjaskati and Kra as told in the Kraljd (Kraljr), a poem no longer extant. A version of this tale survives only in Hrmundar saga Gripssonar in which the Haldingjar are two concurrent kings of Sweden and Helgi is their champion. Helgi conquers in part through the magic of his lover, the sorceress Kra, who appears in the form of a swan. When Helgi accidently kills her, he meets his own doom and the Halding kings flee. Haldingjar seems to a garblings of Haddingjar. The Hversu account probably indicates a version in which both Helgi and the two Haddingjar proper (probably here the sons of Hgni the Red) were all three called Haddingjar and ruled in rotation. Also, in the text the name of Helgi's lover actually appears as Cra, which should have been normalized as Kra. But Cra was instead misread and transcribed as Lra in Jnsson and Vilhjlmsson's Fornaldarsgur Norurlanda and so appears in most later discussion. Descendants of Hring Raum's son Hring was the eponym and ruler of Ringerki (Ringerike) and also ruled Valdres (a geographic reigion in modern Oppland). Hring married the daughter of a sea-king named Vifil (Vifill) by whom he was the father of Halfdan the Old (Hlfdan gamli). See Halfdan the Old to follow this lineage further. Alternative spellings Alternative Anglicizations are: lf: Alf ; lfheim: Alfheim ; Bergds: Bergdis ; Bjrn: Bjorn ; Bjrnlf: Bjornolf ; Finnlf: Finnalf ; Gudrd: Gudrod ; Gunnld: Gunnlod ; Hlf: Half ; Halfdan: Hlfdan ; Hmund: Hamund ; Hrdgeir: Hrodgeir ; Hrossbjrn: Hrossbjorn ; Hgni: Hogni ; Hd: Hod, Hodr, Hoder, Hother ; Hddbrodd: Hoddbrodd ; Hrald: Hroald ; Hrk the Black: Rook the Black ; Hrk the White: Rook the White ; Hrlf: Hrolf ; Hrmund: Hromund ; Jtunbjrn: Jotunbjorn ; Kra: Kara ; Ketil Raum: Ketil the Large ; Lra: Lara ; laf: Olaf ; nund: Onund ; Raumarki: Raumarike, Raumarik, Raum's-ric ; Sfari: Saefari ; Sigrn: Sigrun ; Sl: Sol ; Sleyjar: Soleyjar ; Slva: Solva ; Slveig: Solveig ; Slvi: Solvi ; Throlf: Thorolf ; Thrym: Thrymr ; lf: Ulf ; tstein: Utstein.
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