Other Definitions
praseodymium (dict)
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Praseodymium | colspan="2" align="center" | Cerium – Praseodymium – Neodymium | rowspan="3" valign="center" | Pr
Pa
| | align="center" | | } | | colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#ffbfff" | General | | Name, Symbol, Number | Praseodymium, Pr, 59 | | Chemical series | Lanthanides | | Group, Period, Block | _ , 6, f | | Density, Hardness | 6640 kg/m3, no data | | Appearance | align="center" | silvery white, yellowish tinge
| | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | Atomic properties | | Atomic weight | 140.90765(2) u | | Atomic radius (calc.) | 185 (247) pm | | Covalent radius | 165 pm | | van der Waals radius | no data | | Electron configuration | [Xe]6s24f3 | | e- 's per energy level | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 | | Oxidation states (Oxide) | 3 (mildly basic) | | Crystal structure | hexagonal | | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | Physical properties | | State of matter | solid | | Melting point | 1204 K (1707.8 F) | | Boiling point | 3793 K (6368 F) | | Molar volume | 20.8 ×10-6 m3/mol | | Heat of vaporization | 296.8 kJ/mol | | Heat of fusion | 6.89 kJ/mol | | Vapor pressure | 1,333224E-06 Pa at 1070 K | | Velocity of sound | 2280 m/s at 293.15 K | | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | Miscellaneous | | Electronegativity | 1.13 (Pauling scale) | | Specific heat capacity | 193 J/(kg*K) | | Electrical conductivity | 1.48 106/m ohm | | Thermal conductivity | 12.5 W/(m*K) | | 1st ionization potential | 527 kJ/mol | | 2nd ionization potential | 1020 kJ/mol | | 3rd ionization potential | 2086 kJ/mol | | 4th ionization potential | 3761 kJ/mol | | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | Most stable isotopes | | colspan="2" | {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%" | iso | NA | half-life | DM | DE MeV | DP | | 141Pr | 100% | colspan="4" | 141Pr is stable with 82 neutrons | | rowspan="2" | 142Pr | rowspan="2" | {syn.} | rowspan="2" | 19.12 h | β- | 2.162 MeV | 142Nd | | ε | 0.745 MeV | 142Ce | | 143Pr | {syn.} | 13.57 d | β- | 0.934 MeV | 143Nd | } | | colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#ffbfff" | SI units & STP are used except where noted. | For other meanings of the abbreviation 'Pr or PR', see Pr and PR. Praseodymium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Pr and atomic number 59. Notable characteristics Praseodymium is a soft silvery metallic element, and belongs to the lanthanide group. It is somewhat more resistant to corrosion in air than europium, lanthanum, cerium, or neodymium, but it does develop a green oxide coating that spalls off when exposed to air, exposing more metal to oxidation. For this reason, praseodymium should be stored under a light mineral oil or sealed in plastic or glass. Applications Uses of praseodymium: History The name Praseodymium comes from the Greek prasios, meaning green, and didymos, or twin. In 1841, Mosander extracted the rare earth didymium from lanthana. In 1874, Per Teodor Cleve concluded that didymium was in fact two elements, and in 1879, Lecoq de Boisbaudran isolated a new earth, Samarium, from didymium obtained from the mineral samarskite. In 1885, the Austrian chemist baron C. F. Auer von Welsbach separated didymium into two elements, Praseodymium and Neodymium, which gave salts of different colors. Occurrence Praseodymium is found in the rare earth minerals monazite and bastnasite, and can be recovered from bastnasite or monazite by an ion exchange process. Praseodymium also makes up about 5% of Misch metal. Compounds Praseodymium compounds include: Isotopes Naturally occurring praseodymium is composed of one stable isotope, 141-Pr. 38 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being 143-Pr with a half-life of 13.57 days and 142-Pr with a half-life of 19.12 hours. All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lifes that are less than 5.985 hours and the majority of these have half lifes that are less than 33 seconds. This element also has 6 meta states with the most stable being 138m-Pr (t 2.12 hours), 142m-Pr (t 14.6 minutes) and 134m-Pr (t 11 minutes). The isotopes of praseodynium range in atomic weight from 120.955 u (121-Pr) to 158.955 u (159-Pr). The primary decay mode before the stable isotope, 141-Pr, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta minus decay. The primary decay products before 141-Pr are element 58 (Cerium) isotopes and the primary products after are element 60 (Neodymium) isotopes. Precautions Like all rare earths, praseodymium is of low to moderate toxicity. Praseodymium has no known biological role. References External links
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