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OberfhrerOberfhrer was an early paramilitary rank of the Nazi Party dating back to 1921. Translated as Senior Leader, an Oberfhrer was typically a Nazi Party member in charge of a group of paramilitary units in a particular geographical region. From 1921 to 1925, the phrase Oberfhrer was used as a title in Sturmabteilung, but became an actual SA rank after 1926. Oberfhrer was also a rank of the Schutzstaffel (SS), established in 1925 as a rank for SS officers in charge of one of several SS-Gaus throughout Germany. In 1930, the SS was reorganized into SS-Gruppen and Brigades, at which time Oberfhrers became subordinate to the higher rank of Brigadefhrer. By 1932, Oberfhrer was an established rank of both the SS and SA and was considered the first general officer rank, approximately the equivalent to a Brigadier. Oberfhrers wore two oak leafs on a uniform collar, along with the shoulder boards and lapels of a General Officer. In 1938, the status of SS-Oberfhrer began to change with the rise of the SS-Verfgungstruppe which would later become the Waffen-SS. Since Brigadefhrer was rated equal to a Generalmajor, and Standartenfhrer to an Oberst, Oberfhrer had no military equivalent and became regarded as a senior Colonel rank. One of the more famous holders of the rank of Oberfhrer was Julian Scherner, immortalized in the film Schindler's List as the cold and calculating SS and Police Leader of Warsaw. Emil Maurice, the actual founder of the SS in 1925, also held the rank of Oberfhrer.
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