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NorilskOriginally founded as a Soviet forced labor camp, Norilsk is now a major Russian city with several hundred thousand residents. Norilsk is situated on some of the largest nickel deposits on Earth. Consequently, mining and smelting ore are the major industries there. The northernmost major city of Russia and the world's second largest city (after Murmansk) above the Arctic Circle, Norilsk is the center of a region where nickel, copper, cobalt, platinum, and coal are mined. In 2001 it was decreed a closed city for foreigners, with travel permits required for Russian citizens as well.
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