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Nonchord ToneA nonchord tone or non-harmony note is a tone in a piece of homophonic music which is not in the chord that is formed by the other tones playing and in most cases quickly resolves to a chord tone. For example, if a piece of music is currently on a C Major chord, the notes CEG form the chord, while any other note played at that time is a nonchord tone. Since nonchord tones are dissonances, in common practice they are allowed only as suspensions, anticipations, passing tones, and upper and lower neighbor tones which then resolve. - An anticipation occurs when a note is played before the chord to which the note belongs to and resolves when the "anticipated" chord is reached:
- A neighbor tone or auxiliary note is a nonchord tone which is preceded by a chord tone directly above or below it and resolves to the same tone:
- A passing tone or passing note is the nonchord tone of a part which had started at one chord tone and moved up or down through one (or more) nonchord tone and resolving to another chord tone (possibly of another chord, often of the same chord):
- A suspension occurs when the harmony shifts from one chord to another, but one or more notes of the first chord are temporarily held over into the second in which they are nonchord tones before resolving to a chord tone:
- For an audiovisual illustration of the concept of harmonic suspension, visit external link suspension and pedal point.
- An escape tone is a stepwise motion in the opposite direction of the harmonic motion in that voice:
Escape tone While it is theoretically possible that for a three note chord in twelve tone equal temperament there are nine possible nonchord tones, nonchord tones are usually still in the key of the piece being played, having more than one nonchord tone quickly blurs their status as nonchord tones, and they must be used sparsely enough not to be felt as an added tone, a tone added to and therefore a part of the chord. Another form of nonchord tones are pedal tones, or notes, almost always the tonic or dominant, which are held past the chord in which they originated. The difference between this and a suspension is that the pedal tone need not resolve or resolve to a neighboring tone immediately. Another word for pedal tone is pedal point. A suspended chord is an added tone chord with a "suspended" fourth or second as an added tone which doesn't resolve.
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