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NpnNPN (an abbreviation for Neutral-Positive-Neutral) is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, the second being PNP. The letters refer to the material used to make the layers of semiconductor material in manufacturing the transistor. Most transistors used today are NPN, since this is the easiest and most cost effective to make from silicon. NPN consists of a layer of P-doped (boron doped) semiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped (arsenic doped) layers. NPN transistors are commonly operated with the emitter at ground (PNP transistors have the emitter at the collector) and the collector at a positive voltage. See also
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