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Max BornMax Born (December 11, 1882 – January 5, 1970) was a Jewish German mathematician and physicist and was the only child of Gustav Born and Margarete Kauffmann. He is also the maternal grandfather of British singer and actress Olivia Newton-John. Initially educated at the Knig-Wilhelm-Gymnasium, Born went on to study at the University of Breslau followed by Heidelberg University and Zurich University. During this period he came into contact with many prominent scientists and mathematicians including Klein, Hilbert, Minkowski, Runge, Schwarzschild, and Voigt. In 1909 he was appointed a lecturer at the University of Gttingen where he worked until 1912 when he moved to work at the University of Chicago. In 1919 after a period in the German army he became a professor at the University of Frankfurt am Main, and then professor at Gttingen, 1921. During this period, he formulated the now-standard interpretation of the probability density for ψ*ψ in the Schrdinger equation of quantum mechanics, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1954, some three decades later. In 1933 he left Germany to escape anti-Semitism. He went to lecture at the University of Cambridge, until 1936, and the Edinburgh University to 1953. Albert Einstein was a friend of Born's, and it was in a letter to him in 1926 that Einstein made his famous remark regarding quantum mechanics, often paraphrased as "God does not play dice with the universe." After World War II, in 1952, Max and Hedwig Born retired from England, to Bad Pyrmont (10km south of Hameln) Germany, but his children remained in the Commonwealth. His published works include - The Restless Universe - a popularization for students
- Einstein's Theory of Relativity 1924. (The 1962 Library of Congress 62-5801 Dover edition, page 348 lists a table documenting the observed and calculated values for the precession of the perihelion of Mercury, Venus, and Earth.)
- Dynamics of Crystal Lattices,
- Optics,
- Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance and
- Zur Quantummechanik.
He was awarded the 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics, the Stokes Medal and the 1950 Hughes Medal. In Natural Philosophy of Cause and Chance, Born solves Kant's puzzle of the Ding an Sich, the thing in itself. See also: The Born-Einstein Letters. External links Born, Max Born, Max Born, Max Born, Max
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