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Marshal Of FranceThe marshal of France (marchal de France) was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France. The title derived from the office of marescallus Franciae created by Philippe Auguste for Albric Clment (circa 1190). It later became a distinction and takes precedence above the Constable of France, which was originally an office above the marshal. Up to 1791, there were 256 marshals of France. The title was abolished by the National Convention in 1793. During the First French Empire, marshals were known as marshals of the Empire. Under the Bourbon Restoration, Empire marshals were changed back to marshals of France and Napolon III kept the name unchanged. Four marshals of France were given the even more exalted rank of Marshal-General: Turenne, Villars, Saxe and Soult. In contemporary France, marshal is a military distinction, not a military rank, and is granted to generals for exceptional achievements. Its symbol, the marshal's baton, is a blue cylinder with stars (formerly fleurs-de-lis). Philippe Ptain, awarded the distinction of marshal of France for his generalship in the First World War, retained his title even after his trial and imprisonment and being stripped of other positions and titles. The last living marshal of France was Alphonse Pierre Juin, promoted 1952, who died in 1967. Some marshals of France - Albric Clment (died circa 1190) - first Marshal of France
- Jean Le Maingre (1366-1421) - 1391
- Gilles de Rais (1404-1440) - 1429
- Anne de Montmorency (1492-1567) - 1522
- Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec (1485-1528) - 1527
- Henri Ier de Montmorency (1534-1614) - 1567
- Blaise de Lasseran-Massencme, seigneur de Montluc (c. 1502-1577) - 1574
- Armand de Gontaut, baron de Biron (1524-1592) - 1576
- Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, duc de Bouillon (1555-1623) - 1592
- Henri II de Montmorency (1595-1632) - 1630
- Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne (1611-1675) - 1643
- Franois Henri de Montmorency-Bouteville, duc de Luxembourg (1628-1695) - 1675
- Frederick Schomberg, 1st Duke of Schomberg (1615 - 1690) - 1675
- Louis Franois, duc de Boufflers (1644-1711) - 1692
- Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars (1653-1734) - 1702
- Sbastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban (1633-1707) - 1703
- James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed (1670-1734) - 1703
- Victor-Maurice, comte de Broglie (1647-1727) - 1724
- Adrien-Maurice, 3rd duc de Noailles (1678-1766) - 1734
- Franois-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie (1671-1745) - 1734
- Maurice, comte de Saxe (1696-1750) - 1743
First Empire After return from Elba Restoration Second Empire World War I World War II
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