lorentz-lorenz

The Lorentz-Lorenz formula, also known as the Clausius-Mossotti equation and the Maxwell equation, relates the refractive index of a dilute gas to its temperature, pressure, and molar refractivity. The index of refraction

n

is given by

   n \approx \sqrt{1 + \frac{3 A p}{R T}}

where

A

is the molar refractivity,

p

is the pressure of the gas,

R

is the universal gas constant, and

T

is the (absolute) temperature.

History

The Lorentz-Lorenz formula is named after the Danish mathematician and scientist Ludwig Valentine Lorenz, who published it in 1869, and the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz, who discovered it independently in 1870.

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