list of monarchs of northumbria

Northumbria, an kingdom of Angles in northern England, was initially divided into two kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira. The two were first united by Aethelfrith around the year 604, and except for occasional periods of division over the subsequent century, they remained so. The exceptions are during the brief period from 633 to 634, when Northumbria was plunged into chaos by the death of King Edwin in battle and the ruinous invasion of Cadwallon ap Cadfan of Gwynedd. The unity of the Northumbrian kingdoms was restored after Cadwallon's death in battle in 634. Another exception is a period from about the year 644 to 664, when kings ruled individually over Deira. In 651, King Oswiu had Oswine of Deira killed and replaced by Aethelwald, but Aethelwald did not prove to be a loyal sub-king, allying with the Mercian king Penda; according to Bede, Aethelwald acted as Penda's guide during the latter's invasion of Northumbria but withdrew his forces when the Mercians met the Northumbrians at the Battle of Winwaed. After the Mercian defeat at Winwaed, Aethelwald lost power and Oswiu's own son, Alchfrith, became king in his place. In 670, Aelfwine, the brother of the childless King Ecgfrith, was made king of Deira; by this point the title may have been used primarily to designate an heir. Aelfwine was killed in battle against Mercia in 679, and there was not another separate king of Deira until the time of Norse rule. Following are lists of the kings of Bernicia, Deira, and Northumbria. Note that many of their dates, particularly in the earlier period, are considered unreliable. This was a time when spellings varied widely, even within a document. A number of variations of the details below exist. Amongst these are the preference between and (hard and soft 'th'). The character '7' was used as represent ampersand '&' in contemporary Anglo-Saxon writings.

Kings of Bernicia

td width = "80%" valign = top>

Reign	Incumbent		Notes
align=top\|fl.500	valign=top\|Esa (Oesa)	Esa Inguing Cyning Esa Rex Bernicia
align=top\|fl.c.520	valign=top\|Eoppa	Eoppa Esing Bernicia Cyning Eoppa Rex Bernicia
align=top\|547 to 559	valign=top\|Ida	Ida Eopping Cyning Bernicia Ida Rex Bernicia
align=top\|559 to 560	valign=top\|Glappa (Clappa)	Glappa Bernicia Cyning Glappa Rex Bernicia
align=top\|560 to 568	valign=top\|Adda	Adda Iding Bernicia Cyning Adda Rex Bernicia
align=top\|568 to 572	valign=top\|Aethelric	elric Iding Bernicia Cyning elric Rex Bernicia
align=top\|572 to 579	valign=top\|Theodric (Deoric)	eodric Iding Bernicia Cyning eodric Rex Bernicia
align=top\|579 to 585	valign=top\|Frithuwald (Frithewlf)	Friuvvald Bernicia Cyning Friuvvald Rex Bernicia
align=top\|585 to 593	valign=top\|Hussa	Hussa Bernicia Cyning Hussa Rex Bernicia
align=top\|ante?588 to 604	valign=top\|Aethelric (Aedilric) (Eathilric)	valign=top\|elric Iding Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning elric Rex Bernicia et Deira
olspan="2"\|Bernicia Dynasty
align=top\|593/604? to 616	valign=top\|Aethelfrith	elfri elricing Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning elfri Rex Bernicia et Deira	valign=top\|Killed in battle
olspan="2"\|Deira Dynasty
align=top\|616 to 12/14 October 632	valign=top\|Edwin	Edvvin lling Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning Edvvin Rex Bernicia et Deira	valign=top\|Killed in battle by Penda, King of Mercia;
olspan="2"\|Bernicia Dynasty
align=top\|late632 to 633	valign=top\|Eanfrith	Eanfri elfriing Bernicia Cyning Eanfri Rex Bernicia
align=top\|634 to 5 August 641	valign=top\|Oswald	Osvvald elfriing Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning Osvvald Rex Bernicia et Deira	valign=top\|Killed by Penda, King of Mercia; Saint Oswald
align=top\|late641 to 654	valign=top\|Oswiu	Osvvio elfriing Bernicia Cyning Osvvio Rex Bernicia	Became King of united Northumbria

Kings of Deira

td width = "80%" valign = top>

Reign	Incumbent		Notes
a href="/encyclopedia/559" title="559">559/560 to 589	Aella (Aelli)	lla Yffing Deira Cyning lla Rex Deira
olspan="2"\|Bernician Dynasty
a href="/encyclopedia/589" title="589">589 to 604	Aethelric (Aedilric)	elric Iding Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning elric Rex Bernicia et Deira
align=top\|593/604? to 616	valign=top\|Aethelfrith	elfer elricing Deira Cyning elfer Rex Deira	valign=top\|Killed in battle
olspan="2"\|Deira Dynasty
align=top\|616 to 12/14 October 632	valign=top\|Edwin	Edvvin lling Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning Edvvin Rex Bernicia et Deira	valign=top\|Killed in battle by Penda, King of Mercia;
i>late633 to summer 634	valign=top\|Osric	Osric lfricing Deira Cyning Osric Rex Deira
align=top\|633 to 5 August 642	valign=top\|Oswald	Osvvald Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning Osvvald Rex Bernicia et Deira	valign=top\|Killed by Penda, King of Mercia; Saint Oswald
align=top\|642 to 644	valign=top\|Oswiu	Osvvio elfriing Bernicia 7 Deira Cyning Osvvio Rex Bernicia et Deira
align=top\|644 to 651	valign=top\|Oswine	Osvvine Osricing Deira Cyning Osvvine Rex Deira	valign=top\|Murdered
align=top\|summer 651 to late654 or 655	valign=top\|Aethelwald	elvvald Osvvalding Deira Cyning elvvald Rex Deira
align=top\|654 to 15 August 670	valign=top\|Oswiu	Osvvio elfering Noranhymbra Cyning Osvvio Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Restored
align=top\|656 to 664	valign=top\|Alchfrith	Alchfri Deira Cyning Alchfri Rex Deira
align=top\|670 to 679	valign=top\|Aelfwine	lfvvine Deira Cyning lfvvine Rex Deira

Kings of Northumbria

td width = "80%" valign = top>

Reign	Incumbent		Notes
align=top\|654 to 15 February 670	valign=top\|Oswiu	valign=top\|Osvvio elfriing Noranhymbra Cyning Osvvio Rex Noranhymbra	Hitherto king of Bernicia and Deira
align=top\|February 670 to 20 May 685	valign=top\|Ecgfrith	valign=top\|Ecgfer Osvveoing Noranhymbra Cyning Ecgfer Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Killed in battle against the Picts
align=top\|May 685 to 14 December 704	valign=top\|Aldfrith Ealdfrith	valign=top\|Aldfer Osvveoing Noranhymbra Cyning Aldfer Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|late704 to early705	valign=top\|Eadwulf	valign=top\|Eadvvulf Noranhymbra Cyning Eadvvulf Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|705 to 716	valign=top\|Osred I	valign=top\|Osred Aldfering Noranhymbra Cyning Osred Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|716 to 718	valign=top\|Coenred	valign=top\|Coenred Noranhymbra Cyning Coenred Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|718 to 29 May 729	valign=top\|Osric	valign=top\|Osric Aldfering Noranhymbra Cyning Osric Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Killed
align=top\|729 to 731 737	valign=top\|Ceolwulf (St.)	valign=top\|Ceolvvulf Noranhymbra Cyning Ceolvvulf Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Deposed
align=top\|731 to 737/8	valign=top\|Ceolwulf (St.)	valign=top\|Ceolvvulf Noranhymbra Cyning Ceolvvulf Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Restored; abdicated to become a monk
align=top\|737 to 758	valign=top\|Eadberht	valign=top\|Eadbryht Eating Noranhymbra Cyning Eadbryht Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|758 to 759	valign=top\|Oswulf (Osulf)	valign=top\|Osvvulf Noranhymbra Cyning Osvvulf Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Murdered by his servants
align=top\|759 to 765	valign=top\|Aethelwald Moll	valign=top\|elwald Moll Noranhymbra Cyning elwald Moll Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|765 to 774	valign=top\|Ealchred	valign=top\|Ealchred Noranhymbra Cyning Ealchred Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|774 to 779	valign=top\|Aethelred I	valign=top\|elred Noranhymbra Cyning elred Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Deposed
align=top\|779 to 23 September 788	valign=top\|Aelfwald I	valign=top\|lfvvald Noranhymbra Cyning lfvvald Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Murdered
align=top\|788 to 790	valign=top\|Osred II	valign=top\|Osred Alchreding Noranhymbra Cyning Osred Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Deposed and exiled
align=top\|790 to 18 April 796	valign=top\|Aethelred I	valign=top\|elred Noranhymbra Cyning elred Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Restored
align=top\|796 to 796	valign=top\|Osbald	valign=top\|Osbald Noranhymbra Cyning Osbald Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Exiled after a reign of 27 days
align=top\|14 May 796 to 806/8	valign=top\|Eardwulf	valign=top\|Eardvvulf Noranhymbra Cyning Eardvvulf Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Deposed
align=top\|806/8 to 808/10	valign=top\|Aelfwald II (Elfwald II)	valign=top\|lfvvald Noranhymbra Cyning lfvvald Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|808 to 810	valign=top\|Eardwulf	valign=top\|Eardvvulf Noranhymbra Cyning Eardvvulf Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Restored
align=top\|810 to 841	valign=top\|Eanred	valign=top\|Eanred Eardvvulfing Noranhymbra Cyning Eanred Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|840/1 to 844	valign=top\|Aethelred II	valign=top\|elred Eanreding Noranhymbra Cyning elred Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Deposed
align=top\|844 to 844	valign=top\|Raedwulf (Redwulf)	valign=top\|Raedvvulf Noranhymbra Cyning Raedvvulf Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Usurper
align=top\|844 to c.848/9	valign=top\|Aethelred II	valign=top\|elred Eanreding Noranhymbra Cyning elred Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Restored
align=top\|c.848/9 to 862/3	valign=top\|Osbeorht (Osbert)	valign=top\|Osbeorht Noranhymbra Cyning Osbeorht Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Deposed
align=top\|862/3/7 to 23 March 867	valign=top\|Aelle II	valign=top\|Aelle Noranhymbra Cyning Aelle Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Usurper; Killed by the Danes with Osbeorht
align=top\|867 to 21 March 867	valign=top\|Osbeorht (Osbert)	valign=top\|Osbeorht Noranhymbra Cyning Osbeorht Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Killed by the Danes with the usurper Aelle

Sub-Kings under Norse Kingdom of York

width=15%\|Incumbent	width=25%\|	width=25%\|Notes
align=top\|867 to 872	valign=top\|Ecgberht I	Ecgbryht Noranhymbra Cyning Ecgbryht Rex Noranhymbra	valign=top\|Puppet king of the Danes
a href="/encyclopedia/872" title="872">872 to 876	valign=top\|Ricsige	valign=top\|Ricsige Noranhymbra Cyning Ricsige Rex Noranhymbra
align=top\|876 to c.878	valign=top\|Ecgberht II	Ecgbryht Noranhymbra Cyning Ecgberht Rex Noranhymbra
i>c.878	colspan="2"\|Northumbria subsumed into the Norse kingdom of York

Deira under Norse York Control from 878

table border="0" width = "80%">	Reign	Incumbent
align=top\|? to 913	Eadulf	Eadulf
a href="/encyclopedia/913" title="913">913 to 930	Ealdred I	Ealdred
a href="/encyclopedia/930" title="930">930 to 963	Osulf	Osulf
a href="/encyclopedia/963" title="963">963 to 970	Waltheof	Waleof
a href="/encyclopedia/995" title="995">995 to 1016	Uchtred the Bold	Uchtred
a href="/encyclopedia/1016" title="1016">1016 to 1019	Eadulf I	Eadulf
a href="/encyclopedia/1019" title="1019">1019 to 1038	Ealdred II	Ealdred
a href="/encyclopedia/1038" title="1038">1038 to 1041	Eadulf II	Eadulf

Northumbria

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