List Of Complexity Classes

This is a list of complexity classes in computational complexity theory. For other computational and complexity subjects, see list of computability and complexity topics. See computation for a chart showing which classes are subsets of other classes. Many of these classes have a 'Co' partner which consists of the complements of all languages in the original class. For example if L is in NP then the complement of L is in Co-NP. (This doesn't mean that the complement of NP is Co-NP - there are languages which are known to be in both, and other languages which are known to be in neither.) If you don't see a class listed (such as Co-UP) you should look under its partner (such as UP). #P>
ount solutions to an NP problem
a href="/encyclopedia/Sharp-P-complete" title="Sharp-P-complete">#P-complete The hardest problems in #P
a href="/encyclopedia/Arthur-Merlin-protocol" title="Arthur-Merlin protocol">AM Solvable in polynomial time by an Arthur-Merlin protocol
a href="/encyclopedia/BPP" title="BPP">BPP Solvable in polynomial time by randomized algorithms (answer is probably right)
a href="/encyclopedia/BQP" title="BQP">BQP Solvable in polynomial time on a quantum computer (answer is probably right)
a href="/encyclopedia/Co-NP" title="Co-NP">Co-NP "NO" answers checkable in polynomial time
a href="/encyclopedia/Co-NP-complete" title="Co-NP-complete">Co-NP-complete The hardest problems in Co-NP
a href="/encyclopedia/DSPACE" title="DSPACE">DSPACE(f(n)) Solvable by a deterministic machine in space O(f(n)).
a href="/encyclopedia/DTIME" title="DTIME">DTIME(f(n)) Solvable by a deterministic machine in time O(f(n)).
a href="/encyclopedia/E-(complexity)" title="E (complexity)">E Solvable in exponential time with linear exponent
a href="/encyclopedia/ELEMENTARY" title="ELEMENTARY">ELEMENTARY The union of the classes in the exponential hierarchy
a href="/encyclopedia/ESPACE" title="ESPACE">ESPACE Solvable in exponential space with linear exponent
a href="/encyclopedia/EXP" title="EXP">EXP Same as EXPTIME
a href="/encyclopedia/EXPSPACE" title="EXPSPACE">EXPSPACE Solvable in exponential space
a href="/encyclopedia/EXPTIME" title="EXPTIME">EXPTIME Solvable with exponential time
a href="/encyclopedia/FNP-(complexity)" title="FNP (complexity)">FNP The analogue of NP for function problems
a href="/encyclopedia/FP-(complexity)" title="FP (complexity)">FP The analogue of P for function problems
PNP The analogue of PNP for function problems; the home of the traveling salesman problem
a href="/encyclopedia/Fixed-parameter-tractable" title="Fixed-parameter tractable">FPT Fixed-parameter tractable
a href="/encyclopedia/Interactive-proof-system" title="Interactive proof system">IP Solvable in polynomial time by an interactive proof system
a href="/encyclopedia/L-(complexity)" title="L (complexity)">L Solvable in logarithmic (small) space
a href="/encyclopedia/Arthur-Merlin-protocol" title="Arthur-Merlin protocol">MA Solvable in polynomial time by a Merlin-Arthur protocol
a href="/encyclopedia/NC-(complexity)" title="NC (complexity)">NC Solvable efficiently (in polylogarithmic time) on parallel computers
a href="/encyclopedia/NE-(complexity)" title="NE (complexity)">NE Solvable by a non-deterministic machine in exponential time with linear exponent
a href="/encyclopedia/NESPACE" title="NESPACE">NESPACE Solvable by a non-deterministic machine in exponential space with linear exponent
a href="/encyclopedia/NEXP" title="NEXP">NEXP Same as NEXPTIME
a href="/encyclopedia/NEXPSPACE" title="NEXPSPACE">NEXPSPACE Solvable by a non-deterministic machine in exponential space
a href="/encyclopedia/NEXPTIME" title="NEXPTIME">NEXPTIME Solvable by a non-deterministic machine in exponential time
a href="/encyclopedia/NL-(complexity)" title="NL (complexity)">NL "YES" answers checkable in logarithmic space
a href="/encyclopedia/NP-(complexity)" title="NP (complexity)">NP "YES" answers checkable in polynomial time (see complexity classes P and NP)
a href="/encyclopedia/NP-complete" title="NP-complete">NP-complete The hardest or most expressive problems in NP
a href="/encyclopedia/NP-easy" title="NP-easy">NP-easy Analogue to PNP for function problems; another name for FPNP
a href="/encyclopedia/NP-equivalent" title="NP-equivalent">NP-equivalent The hardest problems in FPNP
a href="/encyclopedia/NP-hard" title="NP-hard">NP-hard Either NP-complete or harder
a href="/encyclopedia/NSPACE" title="NSPACE">NSPACE(f(n)) Solvable by a non-deterministic machine in space O(f(n)).
a href="/encyclopedia/NTIME" title="NTIME">NTIME(f(n)) Solvable by a non-deterministic machine in time O(f(n)).
a href="/encyclopedia/P-(complexity)" title="P (complexity)">P Solvable in polynomial time
a href="/encyclopedia/P-complete" title="P-complete">P-complete The hardest problems in P to solve on parallel computers
a href="/encyclopedia/probabilistically-checkable-proof" title="probabilistically checkable proof">PCP Probabilistically Checkable Proof
a href="/encyclopedia/PH-(complexity)" title="PH (complexity)">PH The union of the classes in the polynomial hierarchy
NP Solvable in polynomial time with an oracle for a problem in NP; also known as Δ2P
a href="/encyclopedia/PP-(complexity)" title="PP (complexity)">PP Probabilistically Polynomial (answer is right with probability slightly more than )
a href="/encyclopedia/PSPACE" title="PSPACE">PSPACE Solvable with polynomial memory and unlimited time
a href="/encyclopedia/PSPACE-complete" title="PSPACE-complete">PSPACE-complete The hardest problems in PSPACE
a href="/encyclopedia/RL-(complexity)" title="RL (complexity)">RL Solvable in logarithmic space by randomized algorithms (NO answer is probably right, YES is certainly right)
a href="/encyclopedia/RP" title="RP">RP Solvable in polynomial time by randomized algorithms (NO answer is probably right, YES is certainly right)
a href="/encyclopedia/RLP" title="RLP">RLP Solvable in logarithmic space and polynomial time by randomized algorithms (NO answer is probably right, YES is certainly right)
a href="/encyclopedia/SL-(complexity)" title="SL (complexity)">SL Problems log-space reducible to determining if a path exist between given vertices in an undirected graph. In October 2004 it was discovered that this class is in fact equal to L.
a href="/encyclopedia/UP-(complexity)" title="UP (complexity)">UP Unambiguous Non-Deterministic Polytime functions.
a href="/encyclopedia/ZPP" title="ZPP">ZPP Solvable by randomized algorithms (answer is always right, average running time is polynomial)

External link

  • Complexity Zoo - list of over 400 complexity classes and their properties

 

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