list of carfree places

This is a list of noteworthy carfree areas. To be included, areas should meet at least one of the following criteria:

They are unusual for their country or region
They make up a sizable fraction of a city, town, or island

For example, Freiburg's carfree district is included because it is of significant size even for Germany; Leipzig's is not since it is merely average and is a small part of the city. However, Portland, Oregon's is included since carfree areas of any size are unusual in North America. The data is organized by region and country, using the following schema:

Place (sorted continent and country)
Size of carfree district in whatever measure is convenient - percentage, blocks, hectares, housing units, etc.
Population of the carfree district
Description of the character of the area: mixed use, resort, medieval, etc.

Color-coding is used as follows:

Most or all of the city is essentially carfree. Kids can play in most streets.
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Siena	Large area that is nearly carfree; pedestrians may still occasionally have to avoid cars.
Parma	Worthy of inclusion, but extent is limited or vehicles sometimes intrude appreciably.

Europe

Austria

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna	Autofreie Mustersiedlung Floridsdorf housing project	250 units	New carfree residential project, organized by Green party
a href="/encyclopedia/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna	"Sizable" carfree core near St. Stephens Cathedral	?	Old center
a href="/encyclopedia/Feldkirch" title="Feldkirch">Feldkirch	Historic center	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg	A number of streets in the medieval center are carfree	?	Lovely old town with significant carfree shopping areas

Belgium

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Louvain-la-Neuve	Most or all of the city	?	University town; surface is carfree; streets and parking are below pedestrian streets
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Brugge (Bruges)	?	?	Medieval town with large carfree center
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Ghent	35 hectares, entire city heart	?	Largest carfree area in Belgium; Public transport, taxis and permit holders may enter but not exceed 5 km/h

Denmark

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Strøget" title="Strøget">Strøget, Copenhagen	Large downtown carfree shopping area	?	Old part of the city; heavily used, much tourist traffic.
a href="/encyclopedia/Freetown-Christiania" title="Freetown Christiania">Christiania community, Copenhagen	All of an old military reservation	Probably a few hundred	Several streets with recycled and ad-hoc buildings; carfree

France

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Mont St. Michel	1-hectare island	about 60	Carfree fortress/abbey
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Ile de Porquerolles, near Toulon	Entire island is car-lite and many areas carfree	5000 (summers)	Resort
a href="/encyclopedia/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon	Avenue de la Republique, Rue Victor Hugo, and side streets	Metro area is about 1.7 million; carfree area unknown	17th-18th C mixed-use 6-story area
a href="/encyclopedia/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon	Part of Vieux Lyon	?	Medieval quarter
a href="/encyclopedia/Port-Grimaud" title="Port Grimaud">Port Grimaud	?	?	Resort
a href="/encyclopedia/Rue-Mouffetard" title="Rue Mouffetard">Rue Mouffetard, Paris	0.5 km	?	?
he pedestrian mall next to St. Germain, Paris	is about 1.5 km long and runs from place Odeon to rue Monge	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Pompidou-Center" title="Pompidou Center">Pompidou Center, Paris	?	?	Modern large-scale development
a href="/encyclopedia/Les-Halles" title="Les Halles">Les Halles, Paris	?	?	Redeveloped market area
a href="/encyclopedia/Montorgueil-area,-Paris" title="Montorgueil area, Paris">Montorgueil area, Paris	?	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon	Small carfree center	?	Old buildings on narrow streets
a href="/encyclopedia/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg	Part of the old town	?	Medieval core
a href="/encyclopedia/Chambery" title="Chambery">Chambery	Significant carfree area	?	Medieval quarter
a href="/encyclopedia/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier	Many carfree streets	11,000 in the medieval quarter	Center of medieval university town
a href="/encyclopedia/La-Rochelle" title="La Rochelle">La Rochelle	Carfree area and anti-car policies	80,000 (entire city)	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Tours" title="Tours">Tours	Several blocks of the medieval old town are restricted to pedestrians only	?	Old medieval center
a href="/encyclopedia/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux	4 km of streets	?	Unknown; morning truck deliveries permitted; limited car access for residents

Germany

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Freiburg im Breisgau	Large carfree center	City 200,000; Carfree areas perhaps 10,000?	Medieval university town; a very small amount of car traffic is permitted on some streets; trams provide access
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Freiburg im Breisgau	Vauban district	5,000	New carfree district converted from a military base; car parking at edge
a href="/encyclopedia/Nürnberg" title="Nürnberg">Nürnberg	9 km of carfree streets	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Munich" title="Munich">Munich	7 km of carfree streets	?	information
a href="/encyclopedia/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart	6.9 km of carfree streets	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Lindau" title="Lindau">Lindau	Historic center	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Rothenburg-ob-der-Tauber" title="Rothenburg ob der Tauber">Rothenburg ob der Tauber	?	13,000	?
a href="http://www.br-online.de/bayern/himmel/bauen/2000/1126.html" title="http://www.br-online.de/bayern/himmel/bauen/2000/1126.html">Wittenberg (Gartenstadt Piesteritz)	?	1,200	Development ca. 1915; newly carfree (1994--1999)
a href="/encyclopedia/Nürnberg" title="Nürnberg">Nürnberg - Langwasser	?	3,180	New development (1978-1987)
a href="/encyclopedia/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg (Stadthaus Schlump)	Small	45 dwelling units	Carfree mixed-use conversion of an old hospital
a href="http://www.autofreieswohnen.de/web/saarland.html" title="http://www.autofreieswohnen.de/web/saarland.html">Hamburg (Saarlandstraße)	?	210 dwellings	New development (2000)
a href="/encyclopedia/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen (Grünenstraße)	1/5 acre (.8 ha)	23 dwellings	New development
a href="/encyclopedia/Tübingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen (French Quarter)	?	?	Some parts of redevelopment carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Tübingen" title="Tübingen">Tübingen (converted military base)	?	6000 residents, 2000 jobs	?
a href="http://www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de/projekte.htm" title="http://www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de/projekte.htm">Munich - Kolumbusplatz (Haidhausen)	?	40 dwellings	New development (near downtown)
a href="http://www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de/projekte.htm" title="http://www.wohnen-ohne-auto.de/projekte.htm">Munich (Messestadt Riem)	?	41 dwellings	Carfree part of a larger new development
a href="/encyclopedia/Münster" title="Münster">Münster (Geist) Gartensiedlung Weissenburg	?	184 dwellings	New development (2001)
a href="http://www.hahnenklee.de/deutsch/willkommen.htm" title="http://www.hahnenklee.de/deutsch/willkommen.htm">Hahnenklee-Bockswiese (Harz)	Most of town	2,500	Town in the Harz mountain area

German Islands and Resorts

(Residents are allowed cars on some islands)

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="http://www.Helgoland.de" title="http://www.Helgoland.de">Helgoland	Entire island	1650	North Sea Island
a href="http://www.baltrum.de" title="http://www.baltrum.de">Baltrum	Entire island	510	North Sea Island
a href="http://www.Spiekeroog.de" title="http://www.Spiekeroog.de">Spiekeroog	Entire island	730	North Sea Island
a href="http://www.insel-wangerooge.de" title="http://www.insel-wangerooge.de">Wangerooge	Entire island	1180	North Sea Island
a href="http://isle-juist.com" title="http://isle-juist.com">Juist	Entire island	1790	North Sea Island
a href="http://www.hiddensee.de" title="http://www.hiddensee.de"> Hiddensee	Entire island	1200	Baltic Sea Island
a href="http://www.awosano.de/ffdstart.htm" title="http://www.awosano.de/ffdstart.htm">Rerik (Wustrow peninsula)	?	69 houses	Largely undeveloped area on a Baltic Sea Peninsula; will probably become less carfree as it develops
a href="http://www.rathen.de/Rathen_Infos/rathen_infos.html" title="http://www.rathen.de/Rathen_Infos/rathen_infos.html">Niederrathen	Entire village	500	Village in Saxony
a href="http://www.wild-east.de/meckpom/ruegen/sellin/moritzdorf" title="http://www.wild-east.de/meckpom/ruegen/sellin/moritzdorf">Moritzdorf (Sellin)	Entire village	?	Village on the island of Rügen
a href="http://www.lechbruck.de/neuwirth/seite1.html" title="http://www.lechbruck.de/neuwirth/seite1.html">Lechbruck am See	Entire village	?	Village in Bavaria
a href="http://www.s-line.de/homepages/cl_burg" title="http://www.s-line.de/homepages/cl_burg">Hayingen	Entire village	105 houses	Village in Swabia
a href="http://www.hooge.de/" title="http://www.hooge.de/">Hallig Hooge and Hallig Gröde	Entire villages	?	Villages in Schleswig-Holstein which are islands at high tide

Greece

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
owntown Athens	400 km² (entire city)	3,000,000 (entire city)	While designated carfree, the ban is apparently widely ignored
a href="/encyclopedia/Hydra-Island" title="Hydra Island">Hydra Island	Entire island (50 km²)	3000	No motorized vehicles on the entire island
a href="/encyclopedia/Spetses-Island" title="Spetses Island">Spetses Island	Town only	4000 (entire island)	Carfree, possibly with some violations

Italy

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Venice	Entire city except near the train station	Estimated at 70,000	Medieval city, today highly focused on tourism; transport on foot or by water
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Siena	Entire city	Perhaps 30,000	Not entirely carfree but most streets have very little traffic
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Cinque Terre (5 towns on the Gulf of Genoa)	Most or all of each town	Probably a few thousand each	Some towns are carfree, others highly car-moderated
a href="/encyclopedia/Florence" title="Florence">Florence	Several streets near Piazza San Lorenzo	?	Market area of the old city
a href="/encyclopedia/Rome" title="Rome">Rome	Several streets west of the Vatican	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Parma" title="Parma">Parma	Small area in the city center, probably 6-10 streets	Unknown, probably a few thousand	Probably some delivery trucks permitted during limited hours
a href="/encyclopedia/Orta-San-Giulio" title="Orta San Giulio">Orta San Giulio	?	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Naples" title="Naples">Naples	Small carfree area at center	?	Shopping area in downtown
a href="/encyclopedia/Milan" title="Milan">Milan	Small area near cathedral	?	Wide streets completely filled with pedestrians after work
a href="/encyclopedia/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara	The medieval center has carfree streets and is over all "car-lite"	?	Heavy bike use
a href="/encyclopedia/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia	While the town suffers heavily from cars and traffic, some areas are so narrow that they are carfree	?	Medieval hill town
a href="/encyclopedia/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi	Much of the town is highly car-moderated	?	Visitors must park at the foot of the hill; some residents' cars are allowed in town

The Netherlands

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Giethoorn	Entire town	about 2500	Transport by canal boat
a href="/encyclopedia/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam GWL project	600 unit carfree residential area	About 1500	Modern architecture on the site of a disused waterworks; some car parking at the edge
a href="/encyclopedia/Kalverstraat" title="Kalverstraat">Kalverstraat/Nieuwendijk, Amsterdam	Long main shopping street with many narrow side streets	Unknown; primarily commercial	Shopping district; delivery vehicles allowed in AM
a href="/encyclopedia/Delft" title="Delft">Delft	Most of the old center	?	Medieval center
sland of Schiermonnikoog	Entire island	About 1000 residents plus lots of tourists in season	Only residents are allowed to bring cars onto the island
a href="/encyclopedia/Groningen-(city)" title="Groningen (city)">Groningen	Most of the old city center	Estimated at 30,000 in the carfree area (the city is about 10 times larger)	Medieval center is nearly carfree; mixed use area with university

Portugal

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Obidos	Entire area of walled town	Probably a few thousand	Medieval walled hill town (now tourist area); only residents permitted to drive into the town, although cars are a nuisance
a href="/encyclopedia/Baixo" title="Baixo">Baixo, Lisbon	One long shopping street, with a few side streets	?	18th C 5-story mixed use
a href="/encyclopedia/Santarem" title="Santarem">Santarem	Most of the streets in the oldest part of town	?	3-story, old, mixed use area
a href="/encyclopedia/Faro" title="Faro">Faro	Some of the downtown area	50,000 (whole city)	6-8 old streets that form a small network in the center of town
a href="/encyclopedia/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira	Some of the old downtown	25,000 (whole city)	Narrow, winding streets in the old part of town.
a href="/encyclopedia/Évora" title="Évora">Évora	Most of the old walled city	8500 (in the walled city)	Some cars
a href="/encyclopedia/Coimbra" title="Coimbra">Coimbra	Many small streets	?	Old medieval quarter
a href="/encyclopedia/Viseu" title="Viseu">Viseu	A number of narrow streets in the town center	?	Largely intact medieval city; on Fridays, the entire old center is carfree

Spain

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Seville" title="Seville">Seville	Santa Cruz district has many narrow, carfree streets	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid downtown area (Puerta del Sol)	6 blocks square	?	Busy central area
a href="/encyclopedia/Segovia" title="Segovia">Segovia	Large parts of the old, walled city	?	Medieval area
a href="/encyclopedia/Santiago-de-Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela	Large central pedestrian zone	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Ayamonte" title="Ayamonte">Ayamonte (in S.W. corner)	Downtown commercial district	?	Old medieval quarter with very narrow streets; river town on the flanks of a hill
a href="/encyclopedia/La-Rambla" title="La Rambla">La Rambla, Barcelona	one-mile (1.6 km) long pedestrianized boulevard	?	Wide, shaded walkway filled with pedestrians day and night
a href="/encyclopedia/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona	Large carfree area	Perhaps 100,000	Medieval center
a href="/encyclopedia/Algeciras" title="Algeciras">Algeciras	Large network of carless shopping streets	?	?

Sweden

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Gamla-stan" title="Gamla stan">Gamla stan, Stockholm	Most of the old heart (ca. 1 km²)	3000 inh.	Oldest part of the city; medieval area; low traffic in central parts of the Old Town during part of the day, AM deliveries allowed and taxis allowed 24 h; there is no supervision and no control so in reality the medieval city is not essentially carfree.
a href="/encyclopedia/Drottninggatan" title="Drottninggatan">Drottninggatan, Stockholm	One street and two squares	?	Major pedestrian street connecting the squares Sergels torg and Htorget
a href="/encyclopedia/Malmö" title="Malmö">Malmö	Large pedestrian precint	?	Center-city area; further expansion planned
a href="http://www.vaxjo.se/agenda21/environmentalinfo/engfff.html" title="http://www.vaxjo.se/agenda21/environmentalinfo/engfff.html">Växjö, Sweden	Entire city center	?	Carfree district in fossil-fuel reduced city

Switzerland

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Zermatt	Entire town	Probably 20,000 or so	Carfree Alpine resort with prototype "Utility Area" at the entrance; slow electric taxis and freight vehicles used, although these are sometimes driven at higher speeds
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Bettmeralp	Entire town	?	Alpine resort
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Barunwald	Entire town	?	Alpine resort
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Riederalp	Entire town	?	Alpine resort
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Rigi	Entire town	?	Alpine resort
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Saas-Fee	Entire town	?	Alpine resort
a href="/encyclopedia/Stoos" title="Stoos">Stoos	Entire town	?	Alpine resort
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Wengen	Entire town	?	Alpine resort
a href="/encyclopedia/Zürich" title="Zürich">Zürich	Large parts of the old town	?	Carfree medieval urban core
a href="/encyclopedia/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva	10 streets	10,000	Carfree areas in the heart
a href="/encyclopedia/Basel" title="Basel">Basel	Parts of the medieval town are carfree	?	The city is heavily dependent on an excellent tram system and most of the center city is highly car-moderated if not carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/St.-Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen	Old center	?	Carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Neuchtel" title="Neuchtel">Neuchtel	Old center	?	Carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Appenzell" title="Appenzell">Appenzell	Old center	?	Carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Gstaad" title="Gstaad">Gstaad	Village center	?	Carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Rapperswil" title="Rapperswil">Rapperswil	Medieval center	?	Carfree center
a href="/encyclopedia/Brig" title="Brig">Brig	Perhaps 10 blocks in downtown	?	Old part of the city, mixed use
a href="/encyclopedia/Winterthur" title="Winterthur">Winterthur	Historic center	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Lugano" title="Lugano">Lugano	Most of the old quarter	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Mürren" title="Mürren">Mürren	Entire town	?	Alpine resort; some utility traffic
a href="http://www.halen.ch/4613.html" title="http://www.halen.ch/4613.html">Bern - Halen	79 apartments	?	Terraced neighborhood; built 1961; parking at edge
a href="http://infar.architektur.uni-weimar.de/innovative_wohnungsbauaspekte/view/inno_krit.html?ID=592" title="http://infar.architektur.uni-weimar.de/innovative_wohnungsbauaspekte/view/inno_krit.html?ID=592">Boll-Sinneringen - Wohnanlage Schlopark	73 apartments	?	Built 1996; parking at edge?

UK, Channel Islands

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Island of Sark (Channel Islands)	Whole island	560	Entirely carfree (only motorised vehicles are tractors)
a href="/encyclopedia/Carnaby-Street" title="Carnaby Street">Carnaby Street, Soho, London	Carnaby Street and environs	?	Carfree shopping area
a href="/encyclopedia/Leicester-Square" title="Leicester Square">Leicester Square to Piccadilly Circus, London	Principally Coventry Street	?	Carfree entertainment area
a href="/encyclopedia/London" title="London">London, Barbican	About 38 acres (15.4 ha)	8000	Post-war carfree housing development. Roads & parking are underground
a href="/encyclopedia/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge	Center city and university campus	Several thousand	University town with heavy tourism; cars banned most of the day from downtown
a href="/encyclopedia/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury	Center city and cathdral close	?	Large section of downtown is carfree, including the cathdral close
a href="/encyclopedia/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh	Slateford Green carfree development	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Bath" title="Bath">Bath	City center	?	While the center is carfree, traffic problems outside it are serious
a href="/encyclopedia/York" title="York">York	Several vibrant alley ways in the center, including The Shambles	?	Streets too narrow for cars
a href="/encyclopedia/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds, Yorkshire	Large part of the city center	?	Pedestrian precinct
a href="/encyclopedia/Lincoln,-Lincolnshire" title="Lincoln, Lincolnshire">Lincoln	Several cobbled streets around the Cathedral	?	Carfree area near the center
a href="/encyclopedia/Isles-of-Scilly" title="Isles of Scilly">Isles of Scilly	Group of islands off Land's End	Combined population of 2000	Island of Tresco is carfree

Other Europe

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Prague" title="Prague">Prague, Czech Republic	Large carfree area starting at Old Town Square and extending across the river	?	Medieval quarter
a href="/encyclopedia/Tbor" title="Tbor">Tbor, Czech Republic	"Modest network of carfree streets"	?	Old town
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Dubrovnik, Croatia	The old walled city	?	Nearly carfree
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Rovinj, Croatia	The old town is reported to be largely or entirely carfree	?	Undoubtedly medieval
a href="/encyclopedia/Arbat-Street" title="Arbat Street">Arbat Street, Moscow	Small district	?	Old area just outside the historic center.
a href="/encyclopedia/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki	56 hectares	?	Old city center
a href="/encyclopedia/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius, Lithuania	Large carfree area reported	?	One of the largest surviving medieval quarters in Europe
a href="/encyclopedia/Riga" title="Riga">Riga, Latvia	"Modest network of carfree streets"	?	Old town
a href="/encyclopedia/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn, Estonia	"Modest network of carfree streets"	?	Old town
a href="/encyclopedia/Buyukada-Island" title="Buyukada Island">Buyukada Island, Istanbul, Turkey	One of the nine Marmara See islands, resort area	1500(?)	Almost enitrely carfree

North America

Canada

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Whistler" title="Whistler">Whistler, BC	?	9,000~25,000	Has a small carfree center
a href="/encyclopedia/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary, Alberta	7 & 8th Avenue Malls	?	7th Ave. is a transit mall; 8th Ave. is a pedestrian mall for several blocks. Calgary also has the "Plus-15" second-story system that connects many buildings in downtown. It totals more than 16 km. of passages.
a href="/encyclopedia/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal, Quebec	30 kilometers of underground passages	Non-residential	Carfree network of underground passages and shopping centers; rollerbladers and cyclists not permitted. The passages link some 60 large commercial, administrative, and apartment buildings in downtown.
a href="/encyclopedia/"P.A.T.H."-Toronto" title=""P.A.T.H." Toronto">"P.A.T.H." Toronto, Ontario	Kilometers of underground passages	Non-residential	Carfree network of underground passages and shopping centers
a href="/encyclopedia/Toronto-Islands" title="Toronto Islands">Toronto Islands	Several carfree islands just off downtown	300	Urban park and ecological community
a href="/encyclopedia/Sparks-Street" title="Sparks Street">Sparks Street, Ottawa, Ontario	6 blocks	Non-residential	Shopping street 1 block south of Canadian Parliament Building
a href="/encyclopedia/Mont-Tremblant,-Quebec" title="Mont-Tremblant, Quebec">Mont-Tremblant, Quebec	?	?	Ski resort built as a carfree European-style village
a href="/encyclopedia/Quebec-City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City, Quebec	A few streets in the oldest part of the town	300,000 (entire city)	Historic part of town has 3 or 4 carfree streets

USA

Madison, San Francisco, and Las Vegas were all reported to have single carfree streets, which is not sufficient to merit inclusion under the current standard.

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Mackinac Island, Lake Huron	Entire island	600 permanent residents	Resort island; horse-and-buggy transport
gcolor="#88dd88"\|Fire Island, New York	?	?	Most or all of the island is accessibly only by boat; wagons used for transport
gcolor="#dddd88"\|Roosevelt Island, East River, New York City	Most or all of island	9,500	Some car access does exist, with large parking garages; very few local services
a href="/encyclopedia/Ithaca,-New-York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York	Ithaca Commons	?	downtown carfree area of modest extent
a href="/encyclopedia/Main-Street-Mall" title="Main Street Mall">Main Street Mall, Buffalo, New York	Downtown light-rail mall	?	Theater distsrict pedestrian/LRV mall
a href="/encyclopedia/Russell-Island" title="Russell Island">Russell Island in the St. Clair River, Michigan	?	?	Carfree resort community accessible only by boat; only golf carts are allowed on the island
a href="/encyclopedia/Minneapolis,-Minnesota" title="Minneapolis, Minnesota">Minneapolis, Minnesota skyway	5 miles (8 km) of enclosed overhead passageways	1,500 residences, 4,000 hotel rooms, 200 million square feet (19 km²) of office space, and 2.5 million square feet (230,000 m²) of retail space	Commercial/retail heart of the city
a href="/encyclopedia/Catalina-Island" title="Catalina Island">Catalina Island, California	Most of island	?	Carfree except for gasoline-powered golf carts in the town of Avalon
a href="/encyclopedia/Third-Street-Promenade" title="Third Street Promenade">Third Street Promenade, Santa Monica, California	1/2 mile (800 m) of 3rd Street	?	Carfree shopping district, with further expansion planned
a href="/encyclopedia/Isla-Vista,-California" title="Isla Vista, California">Isla Vista, California	4-6 square block area (reportedly)	18,344	Adjoining university campus
a href="/encyclopedia/Columbia,-California" title="Columbia, California">Columbia, California	?	?	Small carfree district at the center
a href="/encyclopedia/RiverPlace" title="RiverPlace">RiverPlace, Portland, Oregon	Pedestrian promenade about 1/2 mile (800 m) long (the only large carfree area); pedestrian alleys connect other buildings to the promenade; the site is 73 acres (29.5 ha)	About 1,200	Mixed-use development along the riverfront including apartments, retail, restaurants, a small market, and a waterfront pedestrian promenade
a href="/encyclopedia/Portland-Center" title="Portland Center">Portland Center, Portland, Oregon	Two pedestrian streets run parallel through the development, which includes two parks (carfree streets total about 1 mile (1.6 km) length)	About 1200	Mixed-use development with apartments, retail, and offices
a href="/encyclopedia/Boston,-Massachusetts" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts	Downtown Crossing, several carfree streets	?	Heart of the commercial district in old downtown Boston
a href="/encyclopedia/Tangier-Island" title="Tangier Island">Tangier Island, Virginia	Entire island	800	Carfree fishing & tourism community
a href="/encyclopedia/Colonial-Williamsburg" title="Colonial Williamsburg">Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia	5 blocks plus side streets (from 9 AM to 5 PM)	About 100 families of people who work there	Restored Colonial-era village
a href="/encyclopedia/Bald-Head-Island" title="Bald Head Island">Bald Head Island, North Carolina	Whole island	150 families	Exclusive, golf-cart-based community
a href="/encyclopedia/Harbour-Town" title="Harbour Town">Harbour Town, Hilton Head, South Carolina	Artificial harbor with promenade and shops	Few hundred	Carfree resort community from the 1960s and 70s
a href="/encyclopedia/Shelter-Cove-Harbor" title="Shelter Cove Harbor">Shelter Cove Harbor, Hilton Head, South Carolina	Artificial harbor with promenade and shops, larger than Harbour Town	Several hundred	Carfree resort community 1980s
a href="/encyclopedia/Peachtree-Center" title="Peachtree Center">Peachtree Center, Downtown Atlanta, Georgia	13 block area connected via network of enclosed pedestrian sky bridges. Rapid transit station provides direct access to entire city and international airport	(Premier mixed-use development at heart of the central business district)	4,000 room conference atrium hotels, office complex, dozens of shops and restaurants, observation deck, athletic facility and art museum
a href="/encyclopedia/East-Lake-Commons" title="East Lake Commons">East Lake Commons, Metro Atlanta, Georgia	67 dwellings planned	Probably 200	Parking will be located on the perimeter of the village. Access within the village core will be by walking, carts, and bicycles
a href="/encyclopedia/Main-Street-Mall" title="Main Street Mall">Main Street Mall, Memphis, Tennessee	3/4 of a mile (1200 m)	5000	Carfree mixed-use district in the heart of the city
a href="/encyclopedia/Lincoln-Road-Mall" title="Lincoln Road Mall">Lincoln Road Mall, Miami, Florida	Half-mile (800 m) street (7 blocks)	?	Shopping, socializing, dining al fresco in the heart of the Art Deco district
a href="/encyclopedia/San-Antonio" title="San Antonio">San Antonio, Texas	Riverwalk	?	Carfree tourist area; lacks basic services
a href="/encyclopedia/New-Orleans,-Louisiana" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans, Louisiana	Several blocks between the French Quarter and the river	Several hundred	Carfree mixed use area served by a streetcar line
a href="/encyclopedia/Arcosanti" title="Arcosanti">Arcosanti, in Arizona	New town built by Paolo Soleri	100?	Carfree arcology
a href="/encyclopedia/Boulder,-Colorado" title="Boulder, Colorado">Boulder, Colorado	Pedestrian mall	?	At the city center; there is some debate as to whether this really is a carfree area or not. The Pearl Street Mall is absolutely car-free, and extends through several blocks of the center of the city.
a href="/encyclopedia/Fort-Collins,-Colorado" title="Fort Collins, Colorado">Fort Collins, Colorado	7 acres (2.8 ha), 4 streets	City population 115,000	Old Town, commercial district, no traffic except for maintenance crews; area includes 60 apartments for the elderly
a href="/encyclopedia/Colorado-State-University" title="Colorado State University">Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado	4 long streets	25,000 students	Carfree area of university campus, to be expanded
a href="/encyclopedia/Denver,-Colorado" title="Denver, Colorado">Denver, Colorado	16th Street Mall, about a mile (1.6 km) long	?	Transit mall with pedestrian-only extensions
a href="/encyclopedia/Charlottesville,-Virginia" title="Charlottesville, Virginia">Charlottesville, Virginia	1 street	?	120 shops, 30 restaurants in historic brick paved downtown area, free trolley to University of Virginia campus
a href="/encyclopedia/Ithaca,-New-York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York	1 street, 2 blocks long	Population 30,000	Pedestrian mall

Central America

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/San-Jos,-Costa-Rica" title="San Jos, Costa Rica">San Jos, Costa Rica	Several streets in the downtown area	?	Several areas of the city have carfree sections, the largest being seven blocks long with side streets. The area is the commercial and civic center of the city and includes the plaza adjacent to the gorgeous Theatro Nacional.
a href="/encyclopedia/Tortuguero" title="Tortuguero">Tortuguero, Costa Rica	Town on a coastal island	1000	Access by boat or airplane. There are no roads, only sidewalks and jungle paths connecting the buildings.

South America

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba, Brazil	Only a limited carfree area in downtown	?	Primarily interesting because of its unique bus system, running on dedicated streets and providing excellent, low-cost service
a href="/encyclopedia/Paquetá-Island" title="Paquetá Island">Paquetá Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil	Entire island	About 7000	Carfree island in Guanabara Bay, an hour by water from downtown Rio
a href="/encyclopedia/Bogotá" title="Bogotá">Bogotá, Colombia	The Ciclovía, 110 kilometers of roads throughout the city	6.5 million	The Ciclovía roads are closed to traffic Sundays and holidays for 7 hours, from 0700 to 1400, when more than 1.5 million people practice various sports, visit the recreational facilities, or go to cycle-mass. The city also plans to become largely carfree during rush hour by the year 2015.
a href="/encyclopedia/Buenos-Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires, Argentina	Florida & LaValle Streets	Two crossing streets downtown	Two vibrant shopping/office streets with many restaurants, theaters, stores, etc, a short walk from the obelisk. Florida is two or three kilometers long, LaValle somewhat shorter. People throng there, and business owners have recently (2002) been moving there from other parts of the city to take advantage of the crowds. The two streets are entirely carfree, but crossing streets are not. Access by bus & metro available.
a href="/encyclopedia/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago, Chile	Ahumada, Huerfanos & Estado Streets	Three interconnected streets downtown	Shopping/office streets around the city's main square, Plaza de Armas. The shop rental space at the intersection of Ahumada and Huerfanos is the most expensive within the city (4.8 million inhabitants) and country.

Caribbean

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Hopetown" title="Hopetown">Hopetown, Barbados (reportedly)	?	?

Australia

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Southbank" title="Southbank">Southbank, Melbourne	Significant carfree sections	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Rundle-Mall" title="Rundle Mall">Rundle Mall, Adelaide	Downtown mall and cross streets	?	Commercial center
Brisbane	Downtown mall and cross streets	?	Commercial center
a href="/encyclopedia/Rottnest" title="Rottnest">Rottnest Island, near Fremantle	Car free island	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Falls-Creek" title="Falls Creek">Falls Creek, Victoria	Ski resort	?	?

Asia

Japan

tr>	According to one reporter, most towns have covered (i.e., carfree) streets.
a href="/encyclopedia/Tsumago" title="Tsumago">Tsumago, Japan	?	?	Restored town near Mt. Fuji; some delivery traffic is allowed
a href="/encyclopedia/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo	?	?	Some of Tokyo's major shopping areas are closed to auto traffic on Sundays; these areas are called "pedestrian paradises."
a href="/encyclopedia/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo, Asakusa area	Small arcades	?	Some streets in the same area are pedestrian from 10:00 until 18:00
a href="/encyclopedia/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo, Ueno area, next to the railway station	Several streets	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Shinjuku-station" title="Shinjuku station">Shinjuku station, Tokyo	Kilometers of underground passages	Central business district; in principle no residents	Carfree network of underground passages and shopping centers; about 3,000,000 passengers per day use the station
a href="/encyclopedia/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima	Kilometers of covered passages	All business: restaurants, parlors, theaters, shops of all sorts	Similar to pedestrian streets in Tokyo and Osaka, very popular and lively, entirely carfree but some crossing streets are not carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Kichijoji" title="Kichijoji">Kichijoji, Musashino, Tokyo	One city block: two roofed streets, two open streets, many alleys	130,000 (Musashino)	Carfree during the day except for morning deliveries
a href="/encyclopedia/Sapporo" title="Sapporo">Sapporo, Hokkaido	Kilometers of underground passages	1,800,000 in city	Carfree network of underground passages and shopping centers
a href="/encyclopedia/Shizuoka" title="Shizuoka">Shizuoka	One kilometer of underground passages	470,000 in city	Carfree network of underground passages and shops. The street above has traffic calming and wide sidewalks.
a href="/encyclopedia/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka, Namba area	2 long streets, mostly covered, very popular and lively	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka, Tenma area	A street 2.6 km long	?	?
a href="/encyclopedia/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe	Several streets in downtown	?	?

Other Asia

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Gulangyu-Island" title="Gulangyu Island">Gulangyu Island, Xiamen, China	Carfree island	?	See Pete Menchetti's photos and commentary. See also the New Colonist article
a href="/encyclopedia/Cheung-Chau-Island,-(and-others)-off-Hong-Kong" title="Cheung Chau Island, (and others) off Hong Kong">Cheung Chau Island, (and others) off Hong Kong	?	?	?
a href="http://www.mouthshut.com/readreview/28118-1.html" title="http://www.mouthshut.com/readreview/28118-1.html">Matheran, India	Entire town	5000	Carfree hill town
a href="/encyclopedia/Zhouzhuang" title="Zhouzhuang">Zhouzhuang, one of a number of small carfree towns (Xitang, Tong Li, possibly Wu Zhen) in the "water district" of Shanghai	Area right along the river	2000 in the town	Old carfree waterfront town that resembles Venice in some ways, including heavy tourist traffic.
a href="/encyclopedia/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk, Siberia	Entire city	?	Research center in the coldest part of Siberia; highly car-moderated, although not carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Bhaktapur" title="Bhaktapur">Bhaktapur, Nepal	Entire city	?	Planning to become carfree within 15 years

Africa

Morocco

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="http://www.carfree.com/fes/index.html" title="http://www.carfree.com/fes/index.html">Fes-al-Bali (the oldest part of Fez)	Entire city quarter except for a few roads entering a short ways from outside	Population 156,000; may be the world's largest contiguous carfree area	Old medina with streets mostly too narrow for cars
a href="/encyclopedia/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat	Half of the medina	?	Oldest area of the city, extremely narrow streets; some busy roads pass through the medina
a href="/encyclopedia/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca	Entire medina	?	Oldest area of the city, extremely narrow streets
a href="/encyclopedia/Meknes" title="Meknes">Meknes	Entire medina	?	Oldest area of the city, extremely narrow streets
a href="/encyclopedia/Marrakesh" title="Marrakesh">Marrakesh	The souk	?	While the souk is carfree, the old areas nearby have motorbikes.
a href="/encyclopedia/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Essaouira	?	?	Medina is carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Chefchaoen" title="Chefchaoen">Chefchaoen	?	?	Largely carfree
a href="/encyclopedia/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier	?	?	Old medina is carfree

Other Africa

City>

Geographic Extent	Population	Character
a href="/encyclopedia/Lamu" title="Lamu">Lamu, Kenya	Entire island	?	Only the chief has a car
a href="/encyclopedia/Cape-Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town, South Africa	St. George's Mall, comprising five blocks	?	Center-city mall