list of european cities with alternative names

Most cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major European cities. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history. This article also lists cities of Turkey, Cyprus, and all the republics of the former Soviet Union. A number of important Mediterranean Basin cities are also included. This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names. Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.

A

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Aabenraa	benr (Danish), Apenrade (German)
Aachen	Aix-la-Chapelle (French), Aken (Dutch), Akwizgran (Polish), Aquae Grani or Aquisgranum (Latin), Aquisgr (Catalan), Aquisgrn (Spanish), Aquisgrana (Italian, Portuguese), Cchy (Czech), xhe (Walloon)
Aalst	Aalst (Dutch), Alost (French)
Aarhus	rhus (Danish)
Abbeville	Abbatis Villa (Latin), Abbeville (French)
Adrianople	Adhrianpolis - Αδριανούπολις (Greek), Adrianopel (German), Adrianopla (Portuguese), Adrianopol (Polish, Romanian, Slovak), Adrianopole (Romanian), Adrianopoli (Italian), Adrianopolis (Czech, Dutch), Adrianpolis (Spanish), Drinpoly (Hungarian), Drinopol (variant in Czech and Slovak), Edirne (Czech, Dutch, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Hadrianople (variant in English), Odrin (Bulgarian), Uskudama (Thracian)
Aiud	Aiud (Romanian), Nagyenyed (Hungarian), Strassburg (German)
Aix-en-Provence	Aix-en-Provence (French), Aquae Sextiae (Latin)
Aix-les-Bains	Aix-les-Bains (French), Aquae Gratianae (Latin)
Albacete	Albacete (Spanish), al-Basīt (Arabic)
Alba Iulia	Alba Iulia (Romanian), Apulum (Latin), Gyulafehrvr (Hungarian), Karlsburg (German), Weienburg (old German name)
Alexandroupolis	Alexandhrpolis - Αλεξανδρούπολις (Greek), Alexandropolis (Dutch), Dedeağa (Turkish)
Algeciras	Algeciras (Spanish), al-Jazīra (Arabic)
Algiers	Algeri (Italian), Alger (French, Romanian), Algier (German, Polish), Algiers (Dutch), al-Jazā'ir (Arabic), Alžir (Serbian), Alžyras (Lithuanian), Argel (Portuguese, Spanish), Cezayir (Turkish), Icosium (Latin)
Alicante	Akra Leuke (Ancient Greek), Alacant (Catalan), Alicante (Spanish), Alikantė (Lithuanian), al-Laqant (Arabic), Lucentum (Latin)
Almaty	Alma-Ata (Dutch, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Almata (Lithuanian), Almaty (Kazakh)
Amsterdam	Amstardam (Irish), Amstardām (Arabic), Amsterdam (Dutch, French, Italian, Polish, Swedish), Amsterdamas (Lithuanian), Amsterdo (Portuguese), Amsterodam (Czech), Amszterdam (Hungarian), Aemstelredamme / Amstelredam (old Dutch names)
Ankara	Ancara (Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Angora (former English name, Italian obs.), Ankara (Polish, Turkish), nkira - Άγκυρα (Greek), Anqara (Arabic)
Anklam	Anklam (German), Nakło nad Pianą (Polish)
Antioch	Antakya (Turkish), Antioche (French), Antiochia (Italian, German, Polish, Slovak), Antiochie (Czech), Antiohia (Romanian), Antiokia (Finnish, Swedish), Antioqua (Portuguese, Spanish)
Antwerp	Amberes (Spanish), Amvrsa - Αμβέρσα (Greek), Anturpia (Portuguese), Antverpen (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Antverpenas (Lithuanian), Antverpene (Latvian), Antverpy (Czech, Slovak), Antwīrb (Arabic), Antwerpen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Swedish), Antwerpia (Polish), Anvers (French), Anversa (Italian), Anviesse (Walloon)
Aquileia	Akwileja (Polish), Aquileia (Italian), Aquileja (German), Oglej (Slovene)
Archangel	Arcngel (Spanish), Archangelsk (German), Archangelskas (Lithuanian), Archangielsk (Polish), Arhanđel (Serbian), Arhanghelsk (Romanian), Arkangeli (Finnish), Arkhangel'sk (Russian)
Arlon	Arlon (French), Aarlen (Dutch), Arel (German)
Arnhem	Arnheim (German), Arnhem (Dutch, Polish), Arnhim (Frisian)
Arras	Arasu - アラス (Japanese), Arazzo (medieval Italian), Arras (French, German, Italian, Swedish), Atrecht (Dutch)
Aschaffenburg	Aschaffenburg (German), Aschaffenburgo (Spanish)
Ashkhabad	Ašchabd (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad / Aschgabad / Aschgabat (German), Ašgabat (Finnish), Aşgabat / Aşkabat (Turkish), Aşhabad (Romanian), Ašhabad (Serbian), Ashgabat (Turkmen), Ashkhabad (Russian), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic)
Assisi	Ascesi (medieval Italian), Ass (Spanish), Assis (Portuguese), Assise (French), Assisi (Dutch, German, Italian), Asyż (Polish)
Astana	Akmolinsk (Russian), Akmola (Finnish), Akmola (variant in Russian), Akmoła (former Polish), Aqmola (former Kazakh), Astana (Kazakh, Polish), Tselinograd (former Russian)
Athens	Afiny (Russian, Ukrainian), An Aithin (Irish), Ateena (Finnish), Aten (Norwegian, Swedish) Aten - אַטען (Yiddish), Atena (Croatian, Romanian), Atėnai (Lithuanian), Atenas (Portuguese, Spanish), Atēnas (Latvian), Atene (Italian), Atenes (Catalan), Atny (Czech, Slovak), Ateny (Polish), Athen (Danish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Athn (Hungarian), Aþena (Icelandic), Athenae (Latin), Athene (Dutch), Athnes (French), Athny (alternative Czech name), Athna - Αθήνα (Greek), Atīnā (Arabic), Atina (Bulgarian, Serbian, Turkish)
Augsburg	Augsbourg (French), Augsburg (German, Polish), Augsburgo (Spanish), Augšpurk / Aušpurk (Czech), Augusta (Italian), Oogsborg (Low Saxon)
Avignon	Avenio (Latin), Avignon (French), Avignone (Italian), Avinho (Portuguese), Avin (Spanish), Awinion (Polish)

B

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Baia Mare	Baia Mare (Romanian), Gross-Schlatten (German), Nagybanya (Hungarian)
Baku	Bakoe (Dutch), Bakou (French), Bākū (Arabic), Bak (Turkish)
Bar (Montenegro)	Antivari (Italian), Bar (Croatian, Serbian); Dioclea or Doclea (Latin; ancient city nearby), Duklja (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian; same ancient city and medieval state)
Barcelona	Barcellona (Italian), Barcelona (Portuguese, Spanish, Polish), Barcelone (French), Barcino (Latin), Barna (Spanish abbreviation), Baršalūna (Arabic), Barselona (Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Turkish, Ukrainian), Varkelni - Βαρκελόνη (Greek), Brulone (Walloon)
Basel	Bâle (French), Basilea (Italian, Romansh, Spanish), Basileia (Portuguese), Basilej (Czech), Basle (variant in English), Bazel (Dutch), Bzel (Hungarian), Bazel' (Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian), Bazelis (Lithuanian), Bāzil (Arabic), Bazilej (Slovak), Bazylea (Polish), Vasila - Βασιλεία (Greek)
Bastogne	Bastogne (English, French), Bastenaken (Dutch), Bastnach (German)
Bath	Aquae Sulis (Latin), Baum / Baan / Baon (Anglo-Saxon), Caerfaddon (Welsh)
Bautzen	Budyšin (Upper Sorbian), Budyšn (Czech, Slovak), Budyšyn (Lower Sorbian), Budziszyn (Polish)
Będzin	Będzin (Polish), Bendin (Russian, Yiddish), Bendzin (German)
Bela Crkva	Bela Crkva (Serbian), Biała Cerkiew (Polish), Bl Cerevek (Czech)
Belfast	Bal Feirste (Irish), Belfastas (Lithuanian)
Belfort	Beffert (German), Befert (old German)
Belgrade	Balgrd (Irish), Bělehrad (Czech), Belehrad (Slovak), Belgrad (Bulgarian, Finnish, German, Polish, Romanian, Russian, Turkish), Belgrd (Hungarian), Belgrada (Latvian), Belgradas (Lithuanian), Belgrado (Dutch, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Beograd (Croatian, Danish), Beograd - Београд (Serbian), Bilġrād (Arabic), Bjelhrad (Ukrainian), Nndorfehrvr (former Hungarian), Singidunum (Latin), Velighrdhi (Greek), Belgrade (French), Belgrde (Walloon)
Berat	Berat / Berati (Albanian), Albnsk Bělehrad (Czech)
Berdychiv	Berdychiv (Ukrainian), Berdichev (Russian), Barditshev (Yiddish), Berdyczw (Polish), Berdicev (Romanian),
Bergen (Norway)	Bergen (Norwegian), Bergenas (Lithuanian), Björgvin (Icelandic)
Berlin	Barlīn (Arabic), Barliń (Lower Sorbian), Beirln (Irish), Berliin (Estonian), Berliini (Finnish), Berlijn (Dutch), Berlim (Portuguese), Berlín (Czech, Icelandic, Slovak, Spanish), Berlin (Croatian, Danish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish, Yiddish, French, Walloon), Berlīne (Latvian), Berlino (Italian, Esperanto), Berlyn (Afrikaans, Frisian), Berlynas (Lithuanian), Verolno (Greek)
Berne	Bern (Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Slovak, Turkish, Ukrainian), Berna (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Romansh, Spanish), Bernas (Lithuanian), Berno (Polish), Vrni - Βέρνη (Greek)
Białowieża	Bělověž (Czech), Białowieża (Polish)
Białystok	Białystok (Polish), Belostok (Russian), Byalistok (Yiddish)
Biel/Bienne	Belenus (Latin), Biel (German), Bienne (French)
Biella	Biella (Italian), Bugella (Latin)
Bilbao	Bilbao (Spanish), Bilbau (Portuguese), Bilbo (Basque),
Bil'shivtsi	Bil'shivtsi (Ukrainian), Bol'shovtsy (Russian), Bolszowce (Polish), Bolshvets (Yiddish)
Birmingham	Бирмингем (Russian)
Bishkek	Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Biškek (Finnish, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biszkek (Polish); Frunze (former name)
Bischofswerda	Bischofswerda (German), Biskupice (Polish)
Bistriţa	Beszterce (Hungarian), Bistriţa (Romanian), Bistritz (German)
Bologna	Bologna (Italian, Romanian), Bologne (French), Boloňa (Czech), Bolonha (Portuguese), Bolonia (Polish, Spanish), Bolonija (Lithuanian), Bolonja (Serbian), Bolonya (Turkish)
Bouillon	Bouillon (French), Bouyon (Walloon)
Bolzano	Bolzano (Italian), Bozen (German)
Bordeaux	Bordeaux (French), Bordu (Gascon), Bordus (Portuguese), Bordo (Lithuanian), Bordozo (Esperanto), Burdeos (Spanish), Burdigala (Latin)
Bonn	Bona (Lithuanian, Portuguese), Bonna or Castrum Bonnense (Latin), Vni - Βόννη (Greek)
Botoşani	Botoshan (alt. spelling)
Braniewo	Braniewo (Polish), Braunsberg (German), Brus (Old Prussian)
Braşov	Braşov (Romanian), Brass (Hungarian), Braszw (Polish), Corona (Latin), Kronstadt (German), Stephanpolis (Greek)
Bratislava	Bratislava - Братислава (Bulgarian), Bratislava (Czech, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Swedish), Bratyslava (Ukrainian), Bratysława (Polish), Pozsony (Hungarian), Presbourg (French till 1919), Pressburg (variant in German), Prešporok (Slovak till 1919) The name was officially changed from Pressburg/Prešporok/Pozsony to Bratislava in 1919; for a list of older names see Bratislava
Braunschweig	Braunschweig (German), Brunswick (French, English) Brunvik (Slovenija)
Břeclav	Břeclav (Czech), Lundenburg (German)
Bremen	Brma (Hungarian), Brema (Italian, Polish, Spanish), Brême (French), Bremen (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, Frisian, German, Portuguese, Norwegian, Romanian, Swedish), Brėmenas (Lithuanian), Brmy (Czech, Slovak), Brimarborg (Icelandic), Vrmi (Greek)
Bremerhaven	Bremerhaven (German), Brmsk Přstav (Czech)
Brest (Belarus)	Brasta (Lithuanian), Brest-Litovsk (former English and Russian name), Brześć Litewski (Polish), Brześć nad Bugiem (Polish 1918-1939); Lietuvos Brasta (former Lithuanian name); Brisk (Yiddish)
Bristol	Briost (Irish), Caerodor (Welsh)
Brno	Brno (Czech), Brnn (German, Hungarian)
Brody	Brody (Polish, Russian, Ukrainian; spelled Броды in Russian and Броди in Ukrainian), Brod - בראָד (Yiddish)
Bruges	Briž (Macedonian, Serbian), Bruges (French, Portuguese), Brugge (Dutch), Brügge (German), Bruggia (old Italian), Bruggy (Slovak), Brugia (Polish), Brugy (Czech), Brujas (Spanish), Brygge (Finnish), وبروج (Arab)
Bruntl	Bruntal (Polish), Bruntl (Czech), Freudenthal (German)
Brunswick	Braunschweig (German, Slovene, variant in English), Braunšvajg (Serbian), Brunšvik (Czech), Brunsvique (Portuguese), Brunswick (French, Italian, Spanish), Brunswijk (Dutch), Brunszwik (Polish)
Brussels	An Bhruisil (Irish), Brissel (Luxembourgish), Brisel (Macedonian, Serbian), Brisele (Latvian), Brisl (Yiddish), Briuselis (Lithuanian), Brksel (Turkish), Bruksela (Polish), Brūksil (Arabic), Brusel (Czech, Slovak), Brusela (Basque), Bruselas (Spanish), Bruselles (Catalan), Brussel (Dutch, Norwegian), Brssel (German), Brusselle (Italian obs.), Brsszel (Hungarian), Bruxelas (Portuguese), Bruxelles (Danish, French, Italian, Romanian), Bryssel (Danish, Finnish, Swedish), Bryuksel (Bulgarian), Bryussel (Russian, Ukrainian), Vrixles - Βρυξέλλες (Greek), Brussele (Walloon)
Brzesko	Brzesko (Polish), Brigl (Yiddish)
Buchach	Buchach (Ukrainian), Buczacz (Polish), Betshotsh (Yiddish)
Bucharest	Boekarest (Dutch), Bcairist (Irish), Bucarest (French, Italian, Spanish), Bucareste (Portuguese), Bucureşti (Romanian), Bukarest (Danish, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Swedish), Bukareštas (Lithuanian), Bukareste (Latvian), Bukareszt (Polish), Bukharest (Russian, Ukrainian), Bkreş (Turkish), Bukurešt (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Bukurešť (Czech, Slovak), Būqārist (Arabic), Voukoursti (Greek)
Buda (now part of Budapest)	Buda (Italian, Hungarian, Portuguese), Budn (Czech), Budin (Turkish), Ofen (German)
Budapest	Boedapest (Dutch), Būdābist (Arabic), Bdaipeist (Irish), Budapest (Italian, German, Hungarian), Budapešt (Russian, Ukrainian), Budapešť (Czech, Slovak), Budapešta (Bulgarian), Budapesta (Romanian), Budapeštas (Lithuanian), Budapeste (Portuguese), Budapeşte (Turkish), Budapeszt (Polish), Budimpešta (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian), Voudhapsti (Greek)
Budweis	Budweis (German), Czeskie Budziejowice (Polish), Česk Budějovice (Czech, Slovak)
Buje	Buie d'Istria (Italian), Buje (Croatian)
Butrint	Butrint / Butrinti (Albanian), Butrinto (Italian)
Buzet	Buzet (Croatian), Pinguente (Italian)
Bydgoszcz	Bromberg (German), Bydgostia (Latin), Bydgoszcz (Polish)
Bytom	Beuthen (German), Bytom (Polish)
Bytow	Betowo (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Bütow (German), Bytw (Polish)

C

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Cdiz	Cadice (Italian), Cdis (Portuguese), Cadix (French), Cdiz (Spanish), Gades (Ancient Greek), Gadir (Phoenician), Kadyks (Polish), Kadiz (Serbian), al-Qādis (Arabic)
Cagliari	Cagliari (Italian), Cller (Catalan), Casteddu (Sardinian), Kaljari (Serbian)
Cairo	Le Caire (French), Caireo (Irish), Caro (Dutch), Cairo (Portuguese), El Cairo (Spanish), Il Cairo (Italian), Khira (Czech), Kair (Polish), Kairas (Lithuanian), Kairo (Bulgarian, Croatian, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Slovene, Swedish), Kair (Hungarian), Qahir - קהיר (Hebrew), al-Qāhirah (Arabic), Maşr (local dialect name)
Cambridge (England)	Caergrawnt (Welsh), Cantabrigia (Latin), Cantabrgia (Portuguese), Kembridžas (Lithuanian), Kembriĝp (Esperanto)
Canterbury	Caergaint (Welsh), Cantorbry (French), Kantaraborg (Icelandic), Kantelberg (Dutch)
Carcassonne	Carcassona (Italian), Carcassonne (French)
Cardiff	Caerdydd (Welsh), Kārdifa (Latvian), Ovicubium (Vulgar Latin)
Carlsbad	Karlovi Vari (Bulgarian, Croatian), Karlovy Vary (Czech), Karlsbad (German, Swedish) Karlowe Wary (Polish)
Cartagena	Cartagena (Spanish), Cartagina (Romanian), Carthagne (French), Carthago Nova (Latin),Kartagina (Polish), al-Qartājanna (Arabic)
Celje	Celeia (Latin), Celje (Slovene), Celle (German), Cille (Hungarian), Cilli (older English (1911 EB), older German), Kelea (Celtic)
Cetinje	Cettigne (Italian), Cetinje (Serbian)
Chania	La Cane (French), Khani - Χανιά (Greek), La Canea (Italian, Spanish)
Charleroi	Karelskoning (Dutch), Charleroi (French), Chlerw / Tchlerw (Walloon)
Cheb	Cheb (Czech), Eger (German)
Chełmno	Chełmno (Polish), Culm (variant in German), Kulm (German)
Chemnitz	Chemnitz (German), Kamienica Saska (Polish, traditional, not used anymore), Sask Kamenice (Czech); Karl-Marx-Stadt (German 1953-1990)
Chernyakhovsk	Chernyakhovsk (Russian), Insterburg (German), Įsrutis (Lithuanian), Wystruc (Polish)
Chester	Caerllion-ar-Dyfrdwy often abbreviated to Caer (Welsh)
Chişinău	Chişinău (Moldovan/Romanian), Chisinau (Portuguese), Keshenev (Yiddish), Kischinew (German), Kishinjov - Кишинёв (Russian), Kīšīnāw (Arabic), Kišineu (Bulgarian), Kišiněv (Czech), Kišiniovas (Lithuanian), Kišinjev (Serbian), Kišiňov (Slovak), Kisinyov (Hungarian), Kiszyniów (Polish), Kyšyniv (Ukrainian)
Chorzw	Chorzw (Polish), Krlova Huť (Czech)
Cieszyn	Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Těšn (Czech), Tešn (Slovak)
Cleves	Clveris (Spanish), Clves (French), Kleef (Dutch), Kleve (German)
Cluj	Claudiopolis (Latin), Cluj-Napoca (Romanian), Klausenburg (German), Kluž (Czech, Slovak), Kluż (Polish), Kolozsvr (Hungarian)
Coblenz	Coblena (Portuguese), Coblence (French), Coblenza (Italian, Spanish), Koblencja (Polish), Koblenz (German, Slovene)
Coburg	Cobourg (French), Coburg (German), Coburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)
Coimbra	Coimbra (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Coimbre (French), Conimbriga (Latin), Qulumriya (Arabic)
Cologne	Cologne (French), Colonia (Italian, Spanish), Colnia (Portuguese), Keln (Serbian, Yiddish), Kelnas (Lithianian), Keulen (Dutch), Kjol'n (Russian, Ukrainian), Koln nad Rnem (Czech), Koln nad Rnom (Slovak), Klle (Klsch dialect), Köln (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Kolona (Greek), Kolonia (Polish)
Constanţa	Constanţa (Romanian), Kstendji (old Turkish name), Konstanca (Polish)
Copenhagen	Cbanhvan (Irish), Copenaghen (Italian), Copenhaga (Portuguese, Romanian), Copenhague (French, Spanish), Hafnia (Latin), Kaupmannahfn (Icelandic), Kobenhaven (Slovene), Kbenhavn (Danish, Norwegian), Kūbinhāġin (Arabic), Kodaň (Czech, Slovak), Kpenhamina (Finnish), Kopengagen (Bulgarian, Russian), Kopenhaagen (Estonian), Kopenhag (Turkish), Kopenhaga (Lithuanian, Polish), Kopenhagen (Croatian, Dutch, German), Kopenhāgena (Latvian), Kpenhamn (Swedish), Kopenkhgi (Greek), Koppenhga (Hungarian)
Crdoba	Crdoba (Spanish), Cordoue (French), Crdova (Catalan), Cordova (Italian), Crdova (Portuguese), Kordoba (Slovene), Qurtubah (Arabic)
Corfu	Corcyra (Latin), Corfou (French), Corf (Italian), Corf (Spanish), Kérkira - Κέρκυρα (Greek), Korfu (Finnish, German, Hungarian, Polish, Slovak), Krf (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene)
Corinth	Corint (Catalan), Corinthe (French), Corinto (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Korint (Croatian, Czech, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene), Kórinta (Icelandic), Korintas (Lithuanian), Korinth (German), Korinthe (Dutch), Kórinthos - Κόρινθος (Greek), Korintti (Finnish), Korynt (Polish)
Cork	Corc (Welsh), Corcaigh (Irish)
Corunna	La Corogne (French), A Corua (Galician), La Corua (Spanish), Corunha (Portuguese)
Cottbus	Chociebuż (Polish), Chóśebuz (Sorbian), Chotěbuz (Czech)
Cracow	Cracovia (Italian, Spanish, Romanian), Cracvia (Portuguese), Cracovie (French), Kroke (Yiddish), Krak (Icelandic), Krakau (Dutch, German), Krakiv (Ukrainian), Krakk (Hungarian), Krakov (Croatian, Czech, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Turkish), Krakova (Finnish), Krakova - Κρακοβία (Greek), Krakovo (Esperanto), Kraków (Polish), Krākūf (Arabic), Krokuva (Lithuanian)
Crcy	Crcy-en-Ponthieu (French), Kresčak (Czech)

D

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Daugavpils	Daugavpils (Latvian), Denenburg (Yiddish), Dnaburg (German), Двинcк / Dvinsk (Russian), Dyneburg or Dźwińsk (Polish), Daugpilis (Lithuanian), דענענבורג / Denenburg (Yiddish)
Debrecen	Debrecen (Hungarian), Debrecn (Czech), Debreţin (Romanian), Debreczyn (Polish)
Den Bosch	Bois-le-Duc (French), Bolduque (Spanish), Boscoducale (Italian obs.), Den Bos (Frisian), Den Bosch / 's-Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Herzogenbusch (German)
Dijon	Digione (Italian), Dijon (French), Diviodunum (Latin)
Dillingen	Dilinga (Spanish), Dillingen (German)
Donetsk	Doneţk (Romanian), Donetsk (Russian), Donetskas (Lithuanian), Donezk (German), Donieck (Polish), Donjeck (Serbian); Stalino (former name), Yuzovka (former name)
Dover	Douvres (French), Doveris (Lithuanian), Duvra (Latvian)
Drachhausen	Drachhausen (German), Hochoza (Lower Sorbian)
Dresden	Držďany (Czech, Slovak), Dresda (Italian, Portuguese, Romanian), Dresde (French, Spanish), Drsdi (Greek), Drezda (Hungarian), Drezdenas (Lithuanian), Drezno (Polish), Drježdźany (Lower Sorbian)
Drohobycz	Drobitsh (Yiddish), Drogobych (Russian), Drohobych (Ukrainian), Drohobycz (German, Polish)
Dubrovnik	Dubrovnik (Croatian, Serbian), Dubrovnikas (Lithuanian), Ragusa (Italian), Raguse (old French), Dubrownik (Polish)
Dublin	Baile tha Cliath (Irish), Dubh Linn (archaic Irish variant), Dablin (Arabic, Serbian), Dhuvlno - Δουβλίνο (Greek), Dublim (Portuguese), Dubln (Spanish), Dublinas (Lithuanian), Dublino (Italian), Dulenn (Breton), Dulyn (Welsh), Dyflinni (Icelandic)
Dunkirk	Dhunkérki - Δουγκέρκη (Greek), Duinkerken (Dutch), Dunkerque (French), Dunkierka (Polish), Dnkirchen (German), Dunquerque (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)
Durrs	Drač (Croatian, Czech, Serbian), Durazzo (Italian), Durrs / Durrsi (Albanian)
Dsseldorf	Diuseldorfas (Lithuanian), Dizeldorf (Macedonian), Dsseldorf (German), Dusseldrfia (Portuguese), Dusseldorp (Dutch), Duesseldorf (Walloon)
Dushanbe	Doesjanbe (Dutch), Douchanb (French), Dušanbe (Finnish, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Tajik), Dušanbė (Lithuanian), Duşanbe (Romanian, Turkish), Dūšānbī (Arabic), Duschanbe (German), Dusjanbe (Swedish), Duszanbe (Polish); Hissar (former name)

E

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Edinburgh	Caeredin (Welsh), Dn ideann (Irish), Dn ideann (Scots Gaelic), Edhimvrgho - Εδιμβούργο (Greek), Edinborg (Icelandic), Edimbourg (French), Edimburgo (Italian, Portuguese), Edinburg (German rare), Edinburga (Latvian), Edinburgas (Lithuanian), Edinburk (Czech), Edynburg (Polish)
Eger	Eger (Hungarian), Eğri (Turkish), Erlau (German), Jager (Czech), Jger (Slovak), Jagier (Polish)
Eisenhttenstadt	Eisenhttenstadt (German), Żelazowa Huta (Polish), Stalinstadt (former German name)
Elbląg	Elbiąg (local Polish dialect), Elbląg (Polish), Elbing (German), Ilfing or Truso (Old Prussian)
Ełk	Ełk (Polish), Lyck (German)
Elsinore	Elseneur (French), Elsinor (Spanish), Elsinore (Italian), Helsingør (Danish), Helsingör (Finnish, German, Swedish)
Emmerich	Emmerich (German), Emmerik (Dutch)
Erlangen	Erlangen (German), Erlanky (Czech)
Esztergom	Esztergom (Hungarian), Gran (German), Ostřihom (Czech), Ostrihom (Slovak), Ostrzyhom (Polish), Estergon (Turkish)
Eupen	Eupen (German, French, Dutch), Nau, Neyow, Naowe, Naouwe (Walloon)

F

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Flensburg	Flensborch (Low Saxon), Flensborg (Danish), Flensburg (German)
Florence	Firenca (Croatian, Serbian), Firenze (Finnish, Hungarian, Italian), Flrans (Irish), Floransa (Turkish), Florena (Portuguese), Florncia (Catalan), Florencia (Slovak, Spanish), Florencie (Czech), Florencija (Lithuanian), Florencja (Polish), Florens (Swedish), Florenţa (Romanian), Florenz (German),Florence (French), Florance (Walloon)
Flushing	Flesinga (Spanish), Flessinga (Italian), Flessingue (French), Vlissingen (Dutch)
Fort Augustus	Cille Chumein (Scots Gaelic)
Frankfurt	Francfort (Catalan), Frncfort del Meno (Spanish), Francfort-sur-le-Main (French), Francoforte sobre o Meno (Portuguese), Francoforte sul Meno (Italian), Frankfurt am Main (German), Frankfurtas prie Maino (Lithuanian), Frankfrti - Φραγκφούρτη (Greek), Frankfurt nad Menem (Polish), Frankfurt nad Mohanem (Czech), Frankfurt nad Mohanom (Slovak), Frankfurt pe Main (Romanian)
Frankfurt (East Germany)	Frncfort del Oder (Spanish), Francfort-sur-l'Oder (French), Francoforte sobre o Oder (Portuguese), Francoforte sull'Oder (Italian), Frankfurt an der Oder (German), Frankfurtas prie Oderio (Lithuanian), Frankfurt nad Odrą (Polish), Frankfurt nad Odrou (Slovak, Czech), Frankfurt pe Oder (Romanian)
Freiburg	Freiburg im Breisgau (German), Fribourg-en-Brisgau (French), Friburgo di Brisgovia (Italian)
Freising	Brižinje/Brižine (Slovene), Freising (German), Frisinga (Italian, Spanish), Frisingue (French)
Fribourg	Freiburg im echtland (German), Fribourg (French), Friburg (Romansh), Friburgo (Italian, Portuguese)
Frombork	Frauenburg (German), Frombork (Polish)

G

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Gallipoli	Galipolis (Lithuanian), Galipolje (Croatian, Serbian), Gallipoli (Italian), Gelibolu (Turkish), Kalpolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek)
Galway	Gaillimh (Irish)
Gdańsk	Dants (Yiddish), Danzica (Italian), Danzig (German), Gdaňsk (Czech), Gdańsk (Polish), Gdanskas (Lithuanian), Gduńsk (Kashubian), Gedania (Latin)
Gdynia	Gdingen (German), Gdini (Kashubian/Pomeranian), Gdyně (Czech), Gdynė (Lithuanian), Gdynia (Polish), Gotenhafen (German 1939-1945)
Geneva	Cenevre (Turkish), Genebra (Portuguese), Geneve / Genve (Dutch), Geneve (Finnish), Genve (French), Genevra (Romansh), Genewa (Polish), Genf (German, Hungarian), An Ghiniv (Irish), Ginebra (Catalan, Spanish), Ginevra (Italian), Jinīf (Arabic), Yenvi - Γενέβη (Greek), Ženeva (Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Lithuanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Ukrainian), Djeneve (Walloon)
Genoa	Cenova (Turkish), Đenova (Serbian), Gnes (French), Gnova (Catalan), Genova (Finnish, Italian, Romanian), Gnova / Gnova (Portuguese), Gnova (Spanish), Genua (Dutch, German, Latin, Polish), Genuja (Lithuanian), Janov (Czech, Slovak), Zena (Genoese)
Ghent	Gand (French), Gandawa (Polish), Gante (Spanish), Gent (Dutch/Flemish, Finnish, German), Guanto (old Italian)
Gibraltar	Cebelitarık (Turkish), Gibilterra (Italian), Jabal-Tarīq (Arabic), Gibraltar (Spanish), Gibraltaras (Lithuanian)
Girona	Gerona (Spanish), Girona (Catalan)
Gjirokastr	Argirocastro (Italian), Aryirkastron (Greek), Gjirokastr / Gjirokastra (Albanian), Ergiri (Turkish)
Glarus	Glaris (French), Glarona (Italian), Glaruna (Romansh), Glarus (German)
Glasgow	Glasch (Irish), Glasch (Scots Gaelic)
Gliwice	Gleiwitz (German), Gliwice (Polish)
Gmnd	Cmunt (Czech), Gmnd (German)
Gorizia	Gorica (Slovene), Gorizia (Italian), Grz (German)
Grlitz	Grlitz (German), Zgorzelec (Polish), Zhořelec (Czech)
Gothenburg	Gautaborg (Icelandic), Gioteburgas (Lithuanian), Goeteborg (Polish), Gteborg (Finnish, German, Swedish), Gteburg (Turkish), Gotemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Gotenburg (Dutch, German obs.)
Gttingen	Getynga (Polish), Getynky (Czech), Gœttingue (French), Gotinga (Spanish, Portuguese), Gottinga (Italian)
Gramzow	Gramzow (German), Grębowo (Polish)
Granada	al-Ġarnāda (Arabic), Granada (Italian, Spanish, Lithuanian), Grenade (French)
Graz	Gradec (Slovene), Graz (German), Grodziec (Polish), Štrsk Hradec (Czech)
Greifswald	Greifswald (German), Gryfia (Polish)
Grodno	Gardinas (Lithuanian), Grodno (Polish, Russian), Grodne (Yiddish), Hrodna (Belarusian), Hrodno (Ukrainian)
Groningen	Grins (Frisian), Groninga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Groningen (Dutch, German), Groningue (French), Grnnen / Grunnen / Grunn'n (Gronings), Groot Loug or Stad (local nicknames)
Grozny	Djovkhar Ghaala (Chechen), Džochargala (alternative Lithuanian name), Groznas (Lithuanian), Grozni (Romanian), Groznyj - Грозный (Russian)
Grudziądz	Graudenz (German), Grudziądz (Polish)
Gnzburg	Gnzburg (German), Gunzburgo (Spanish)
Gusev	Gabin (Polish), Gumbinė (Lithuanian), Gumbinnen (German), Gusev - Гусев (Russian)
Győr	Győr (Hungarian), Raab (German), Rb (Czech)

H

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Haderslev	Hadersleben (German), Haderslev (Danish)
Hamburg	Amburgo (Italian), Amvrgho - Αμβούργο (Greek), Gamburg - Гамбург (Russian), Hamborg (Danish, Swedish), Hambourg (French), Hamburch (Frisian, Low Saxon), Hambūrġ (Arabic), Hamburg (Afrikaans, Croatian, Danish, Estonian, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian), Hamburgas (Lithuanian), Hamburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Hamburk (Czech), Hampuri (Finnish)
Hmeenlinna	Hmeenlinna (Finnish), Tavastehus (Swedish)
Hamelin	Hamelen (Dutch), Hamelin (French, Italian, Portuguese), Hameln (Spanish), Hameln (German)
Hanau	Hanau (German), Hanava (Czech)
Hanover	Anvero - Ανόβερο (Greek), Ganover - Гановер (Russian), Hannover (Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian), Hanver (Portuguese), Hanver (Spanish), Hanoveris (Lithuanian), Hanovra (Romanian), Hanovre (French), Hanower (Polish), Hanve (Walloon)
Hasselt	Hasselt (Dutch, French), Hasse / Hasque / Hassl (Walloon),
Havana	La Habana (Spanish), La Havane (French), Havanna (German)
Heligoland	Helgoland (German)
Helsinki	Elsnki (Greek), Helsingfors (Danish, Swedish), Helsingi (Estonian), Hel'sinki (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Helsinki (Finnish, Italian, Polish), Helsinkis (Lithuanian), Helsinky (Czech), Helsinque (Brazilian Portuguese), Helsnquia (Portuguese), Helsset (North Sami), Hilsīnkī (Arabic)
Heraklion	Candia (Italian), Iraklion (Greek, Polish), Kandiye (Turkish)
's Hertogenbosch	's Hertogenbosch (Dutch), Bois-le-Duc (French), Boscoducale (Italian)
Homyel'	Gomel' (Russian), Homl (Yiddish), Homyel' (Belarusian), Homel (Polish)
Hoyerswerda	Hoyerswerda (German), Wojerecy (Sorbian)
Huy	Huy (French), Hoei (Dutch), Hu (Walloon)

I

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Iaşi	Iaşi (Romanian), Jassy (German, also older English, Polish), Iassy (old French name), Yaş (Turkish),
Iraklion	Former names: Cndia (Catalan), Candia (Italian, Spanish)
Innsbruck	Innsbruck (German), Inomost (Old Slovene), Inomost / Inšpruk (Czech), Insbrukas (Lithuanian)
Ioannina	Giannina (Italian), Ianina (Aromanian), Ioannina (Finnish), Ionnina - Ιωάννινα (Greek), Janin / Janina (Albanian), Ynena - Γιάννενα / Ynina - Γιάννινα (Greek variants), Yanya (Turkish)
Istanbul	Estambul (Spanish), Istambul (Croatian, Italian, Portuguese, Serbian), Istanboel (Dutch), Istanbūl (Arabic), Istanbuł / Stambuł (Polish), Istanbul (Romanian), İstanbul (Turkish), Isztambul (Hungarian), Konstantinpoli (Greek), Mikligarur (Icelandic), Stamboll (Albanian), Stamboul (French), Stambul (Russian, Ukrainian), Stambula (Latvian), Stambulas (Lithuanian) Former names: Constantinoble (Catalan), Biznc / Konstantinpoly (Hungarian), Bizanc / Carigrad / Konstantinopel (Slovene), Bizncio / Constantinopla (Portuguese), Bizancjum / Carogród / Konstantynopol (Polish), Bizant / Carigrad / Konstantinopol (Croatian, Serbian), Bizanţ / Constantinopol(e) / Stambul / Ţarigrad (Romanian), Bisanzio / Costantinopoli (Italian), Bysants / Konstantinopel (Norwegian), Byzantion (Greek), Byzantium / Constantinople (English), Byzantium / Constantinopolis (Latin), Carigrad (Croatian, Serbian), Cařihrad / Konstantinopol (Czech), Carihrad / Konštantnopol (Slovak), Constantinopel (Dutch), Konstantinopel (German), Konstantinopoli (Finnish), Miklagard (Old Norse), Qushta - קושטא (Hebrew), Tsarigrad (Russian); Estambul, Konstantinopyla, Koshta, Koshtandina, Kospoli, Kostan (other variants during Ottoman period)
Izmir	Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), İzmir (Turkish), Smirna (Serbian, old Romanian name), Smirne (Italian), Smirni (Greek), Smyrna (variant in English)

J

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Jakobstad	Jakobstad (Swedish), Pietarsaari (Finnish)
Jarosław	Jaroslau (German), Jarosław (Polish), Yareslev (Yiddish), Yaroslav (Russian)
Jena	Ina (French), Iena (Romanian), Jena (German)
Jihlava	Iglau (German), Jihlava (Czech)

K

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Kaliningrad	Kaliningrad - Кaлинингpaд (Russian), Kaliningrado (Spanish), Kalinjingrad (Croatian), Kaljinjingrad (Serbian), Karaliaučius (Lithuanian), Kenigsberg קעניגסבערג (Yiddish), Keunigsbarg (Low Saxon), Koningsbergen (Dutch), Knigsberg (German), Krlovec (Czech), Krlewiec (former Polish name)
Kamenz	Kamenz (German), Kamjenc (Upper Sorbian)
Kamyaniets Podilskiy	Kamenets קאַמענעץ (Yiddish), Kamenets-Podol'skiy (Russian), Kamieniec Podolski (Polish), Kam"yanets'-Podil's'kyy - Кaм'янeць-Пoдiльcький (Ukrainian)
Kandalaksha	Kandalaksha - Кaндaлaкшa (Russian), Kannanlahti / Kantalahti (Finnish)
Kartuzy	Karthaus (German), Kartuzy (Polish)
Katowice	Katovicai (Lithuanian), Katovice (Czech, Serbian), Katovie (Turkish), Katowice (Polish), Kattowitz (German); Stalinogrd (Polish 1953-1956)
Kaunas	Kauen (German), Kaunas (Lithuanian), Kovne קאָװנע (Yiddish), Kovno (Czech), Kovno - Кoвнo (Russian), Kowno (Polish)
Kem'	Kem' - Кeмь (Russian), Kemi or Vienan Kemi (Finnish)
Kemi	Giepma (Northern Sami)
Kętrzyn	Kętrzyn (Polish), Rastenburg (German)
Kharkov	Char'kiv - Xapькiв (Ukrainian), Charkov (Czech, Slovak), Charkovas (Lithuanian), Charkw (Polish), Harkov (Romanian), Har'kov - Xapькoв (Russian), Harkova (Finnish), Karkov (Turkish)
Kiel	Kiel (German), Kilonia (Polish), Kylis (Lithuanian), Qulia (Portuguese)
Kielce	Kelts קעלץ (Yiddish), Kel'tsy - Кeльцы (Russian), Kielce (Polish)
Kiev	Knugarur (Icelandic), Kiv (Dutch), Kiev (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish) Kiev קיִעװ (Yiddish), Kiev - Киев (Russian), Kevo (Greek), Kiew (German), Kijev (Croatian, Hungarian, Serbian, Slovene), Kijeva (Latvian), Kijevas (Lithuanian), Kijw (Polish), Kiova (Finnish), Kīyif (Arabic), Kyv - Київ (Ukrainian), Kyjev (Czech, Slovak); Qiyov - קיוב (Hebrew)
Kirovgrad	formerly Yelizavetgrad
Kilkenny	Cill Chainnigh (Irish)
Kiruna	Giron (Sami), Kiiruna (Finnish)
Klagenfurt	Celovec (Czech, Slovene), Klagenfurt (German), Želanec (alternative Czech name)
Klaipeda	Klaipeda (Finnish), Klaipėda (Lithuanian), Kłajpeda (Polish), Memel (German)
Kobarid	Caporetto (Italian), Kobarid (Slovene)
Kolkwitz	Gołkojce (Lower Sorbian), Kolkwitz (Niederlausitz) (German)
Kolomyya	Kilemey קילעמײ (Yiddish), Kolomea (German), Kołomyja (Polish), Kolomyja - Кoлoмия (Ukrainian)
Kondopoga	Kondopoga - Кoндoпoгa (Russian), Kontiolahti (Finnish)
Konstanz	Constance (French, variant in English), Constncia (Portuguese), Costanza (Italian), Konstancja (Polish), Kstence (Turkish), Kostnice (Czech)
Kpenick	Kpenick (German), Kopnk (Czech)
Koper	Capodistria (Italian), Kopar (Croatian, Serbian), Koper (Slovene)
Kor	Kor / Kora (Albanian), Koritsa (Greek)
Kortrijk	Kortrijk (Dutch), Courtrai (French)
Košice	Kaschau (German), Kassa (Hungarian), Košice (Serbian, Slovak), Koszyce (Polish)
Kosovo Polje	Amselfeld (German), Champ des merles (French), Fushe Koseve (Albanian), Kosovo Polje (Serbian), Kosowe Pole (Polish), Rigmező (Hungarian)
Kotor	Cattaro (Italian), Kotor (Croatian, Serbian)
Kovel	Kovel' - Кoвeль (Russian, Ukrainian), Kowel (Polish), Kovl קאָװל (Yiddish)
Krems	Krems (German), Kremže / Křemže (Czech)
Kristianstad	Kristianstad (Swedish), Kristianstadas (Lithuanian)
Kristinestad	Christinae Stadh (older Swedish name), Kristiinankaupunki (Finnish), Kristingrad (Serbian)
Krnov	Carnovia (Latin), Jgerndorf (German), Karniw (older Polish name), Krnov (Czech), Krnw (Polish)
Kudowa Zdrj	Chudoba (Czech), Kudowa-Zdrj (Polish)
Kwidzyn	Kwidzyn (Polish), Marienwerder (German)
Kyle of Lochalsh	Caol Loch Ailse (Scots Gaelic)

L

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Labin	Albona (Italian), Labin (Croatian)
Lahti	Lahti (Finnish, Slovene), Lahtis (Swedish)
Lappeenranta	Lappeenranta (Finnish), Villmanstrand (Swedish)
Lausanne	Lausanne (French), Lausana (Spanish), Losanna (Italian), Lozan (Turkish), Lozana (Serbian), Lozni (Greek), Lozanna (Polish), Luzana (Slovene)
Leeuwarden	Leeuwarden (Dutch), Ljouwert (Frisian)
Leghorn	Liorna (Spanish), Livorno (Italian, Finnish, German, Romanian), Livourne (French)
Leicester	Caerlyr (Welsh), Ratae (Latin), Leicestria (Church Latin)
Leiden	Leida (Italian), Leiden (Dutch, Slovene), Lejda (Polish), Leyde (French), Leyden (variant in English)
Leipzig	Lajpcig (Serbian), Leipcigas (Lithuanian), Leipzig (French, German, Slovene), Lipcse (Hungarian), Lipsca (old Romanian), Lipsa - Λειψία (Greek), Lipsia (Italian), Lpsia (Portuguese), Lipsk (Lower Sorbian, Polish), Lipsko (Czech, Slovak)
Lębork	Lauenburg (German), Lębork (Polish)
Lezh	Lezh / Lezha (Albanian), Alessio (Italian)
Liege	Lîdje / Lîdge (Walloon), Liege (Finnish, Hungarian, Swedish, Turkish),Lige (French, Romanian), Lige (former French), Liegi (Italian), Liegxo (Esperanto), Lieja (Catalan, Spanish), Liež (Serbian), Luik (Dutch), Lutych (Czech), Lttich (German), Leodium (Latin), Λιέγης (Greek), Льеж (Russian), Лиеж (Bulgarian), ولييج (Arab), ליאז' (Hebrew)
Liepāja	Libau (German), Libava or Liyepaya (Russian) Libave (Yiddish), Liepāja (Latvian), Lipawa (Polish)
Lier	Lier (Dutch), Lierre (French)
Lille	Lilla (Catalan, Italian), Lille (French), Rijsel (Dutch)
Limerick	Limeriko (Esperanto), Luimneach (Irish)
Linz	Linec (Czech), Linz (German, Slovene)
Lisbon	Liospin (Irish), Lisabon (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Lisabona (Lithuanian, Romanian), Lisboa (Portuguese, Spanish), Lisbona (Italian), Lisbonne (French), Lisbono (Esperanto), Lišbūna (Arabic), Lissabon (Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Russian, Swedish), Lissavna (Greek), Lisszabon (Hungarian), Lizbon (Turkish), Lizbona (Polish, Slovene), Uşbune (old Arabian)
Liverpool	Learpholl (Irish), Lerpwl (Welsh), Liverpūle (Latvian), Liverpulis (Lithuanian), Liverpulo (Esperanto), Llynlleifiad (former Welsh)
Ljubljana	Laibach (German), Liubliana (Portuguese, Spanish), Liublijana (Lithuanian), Liyūbliyānā (Arabic), Ljubljana (French, Slovene), Lubiana (Italian), Lublaň (Czech), Lublana (Polish), Ľubľana (Slovak), Lubyana (Turkish)
Lleida	Lerida (Italian), Lrida (French, Portuguese, Spanish), Lleida (Catalan)
Lbau	Lbau (German), Lubij (Upper Sorbian), Lubiniec (Polish)
London	Landan (Arabic), Llundain (Welsh), Londain (Irish), Londen (Dutch), Londhno (Greek), Londinium (Latin), Londona (Latvian), Londonas (Lithuanian), Londono (Esperanto), Londra (Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Londres (Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish), Londyn (Polish), Londn (Czech, Slovak), Lontoo (Finnish), Loundres (Cornish), Lundnir (Icelandic), Lunnainn (Scots Gaelic)
Londonderry	Derio (Esperanto), Derry (official English name in Republic of Ireland; disputed usage in Northern Ireland), Doire (Irish)
Lourdes	Lourdes (French, Italian), Lurdy (Czech)
Louvain	Leuven (Dutch), Louvain (French), Lovin (Irish), Lovaina (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Lovaň (Czech), Lovanio (Italian), Lwen (German), Lovin (Walloon)
Lbben	Lbben (German), Lubin (Lower Sorbian, Polish)
Lbbenau	Lbbenau (German), Lubnjow (Lower Sorbian)
Lbeck	Liubekas (Lithuanian), Lubecca (Italian), Lbeck (French, German), Lubek (Czech), Lubeka (Polish), Lyypekki (Finnish)
Lucca	Lucca (Italian), Lucques (French), Lukka (Polish)
Lucerne	Liucerna (Lithuanian), Lucern (Czech, Slovene), Lucerna (Italian, Romansh, Polish, Romanian, Spanish), Lucerne (French), Lukrni (Greek), Luzern (German, Finnish, Serbian, Turkish), Luzerna (Catalan)
Lule	Lule (Swedish), Lulėja (Lithuanian), Luleo (Serbian), Luulaja (Finnish)
Lneburg	Lneburch (Low Saxon), Lneburg (German), Luneburgo (Italian), Lunenburg (variant in English)
Luxembourg	Ltzebuerg (Luxembourgish), Liuksemburgas (Lithuanian), Ljuksemburg (Bulgarian, Russian), Ljuksemburh (Ukrainian), Lucemburk (Czech), Lucsamburg (Irish), Luksemboarch (Frisian), Luksemburg (Croatian, Estonian, Macedonian, Polish, Serbian, Slovene), Lksemburg (Turkish), Luksemburga (Latvian), Luksemburgio (Esperanto), Lussemburgo (Italian), Lussimbork (Walloon), Lxemborg (Icelandic), Luxemborg / Luxembourg / Luxemburg (Danish), Luxembourg (Afrikaans, French), Luxemburg (Basque variant, Catalan, Dutch, English variant, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Swedish), Luxemburgia (Latin variant), Luxemburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Luxemburgum (Latin), Luxembursko (Slovak), Luxemvrgho - Λουξεμβούργο (Greek), Luxenburgo (Basque), Lwcsembwrg (Welsh)
L'viv	Ilyv (Hungarian), Lavov (Croatian), Lemberg (German), Lemberig, Lemberyk, Lemberek (Yiddish), Lopol (French), Leopoli (Italian), Leopolis (Latin), Liv (Romanian), L'viv - Львів (Ukrainian), Lvov (Finnish, Slovene), L'vov - Львов (Russian), Ľvov (Slovak), Lvovas (Lithuanian), Lww (Polish)
Lyon	Lio (Portuguese), Lijonas (Lithuanian), Li (Catalan), Lione (Italian), Liono (Esperanto), Liyon (Serbian), Lugdunum or Lugudunum (Latin), Lyon (French, German, Slovene), Lyn (Spanish), Lyons (traditional English name)

M

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Maastricht	Maastricht (Dutch, French), Maestricht (former French, Flemisch), Mastrichtas (Lithuanian), Mastrique (Spanish), Mestreech (local Limburger dialect), Traiectum ad Mosam or Traiectum superius (Latin), Mstrek / Li Trek (Walloon)
Madrid	Madhrti (Greek), Madri (Portuguese), Madrid (French, Italian, Spanish), Madridas (Lithuanian), Madrido (Esperanto), Madryt (Polish), Maidrid (Irish), Mecrit (Arabic)
Mahilyow	Mahilyow (Belarusian), Mogilev (Russian), Mogilew or Mohylew (Polish), Molev (Yiddish)
Mainz	Mnz (local dialect), Magonza (Italian), Maguncia (Spanish), Mainz (German), Majnc (Serbian), Mayence (French), Mogncia (Portuguese), Moguncja (Polish), Moguntiacum (Latin), Mohuč (Czech, Slovak), Meenz (former local dialect)
Malbork	Malbork (Polish), Marienburg (German)
Manchester	Manceinion (Welsh), Mančestra (Latvian), Manĉestro (Esperanto), Mančesteris (Lithuanian), Manchain (Irish), Mancunium (Latin)
Monschau	Monschau (German), Montjoie (French)
Mantua	Mantoue (French), Mantova (Italian, Finnish, Czech, Slovak), Mantua (Latin), Mntua (Portuguese)
Maribor	Marburg (German), Maribor (Slovene), Morpurgo (old Italian)
Mariehamn	Maarianhamina (Finnish), Mariehamn (Swedish)
Marktredwitz	Marktredwitz (German), Ředvice (Czech)
Marseilles	Marseille (French), Marsel' (Russian), Marselha (Portuguese), Marselj (Serbian), Marseljo (Esperanto), Marsella (Spanish), Marsiglia (Italian), Marsilha (Provenal), Marsilia (Romanian), Marsīliyā (Arabic), Marsilya (Turkish), Marsylia (Polish), Massala (Greek), Marselis (Lithuanian)
Mechelen	Malinas (Spanish), Malines (Catalan, French), Mechelen (Dutch), Mecheln (German), Mechlin (older English name)
Meissen	Meien (German), Mšeň (Czech), Misnia (Italian), Miśnia (Polish)
Melk	Medlk (Czech), Melk (German), Mlk (older German name)
Metz	Divodurum (Latin), Mec - Мец (Bulgarian, Serbian, Russian), Mety (Czech), Metz (French, German, Italian, Romanian)
Międzybrz	Mezbizh (Yiddish), Międzybrz (Łdźkie) (Polish)
Miercurea-Ciuc	Cskszereda (Hungarian), Miercurea-Ciuc (Romanian), Szeklerburg (German)
Mikkeli	Mikkeli (Finnish), St. Michel (Swedish)
Mikulov	Mikulov (Czech), Nikolsburg (German)
Milan	Mailand (German), Mediolan (Polish), Medilana (former Greek name), Mediolānum (Latin), Mil (Catalan), Milaan (Dutch), Miln (Czech, Spanish), Milano (Croatian, Esperanto, Finnish, Italian, Romanian, Serbian, Turkish), Milno (Greek, Slovak), Miln (Hungarian), Mīlānū (Arabic), Milo (Portuguese), Milanas (Lithuanian)
Minsk	Mensk (Belarusian), Minsk (Russian, Yiddish), Mińsk (Polish), Mins'k (Ukrainian), Minsko (Esperanto), Minszk (Hungarian), Minskas (Lithuanian)
Miskolc	Miskolc (Hungarian), Miškovec (Czech, Slovak), Miszkolc (Polish)
Monaco	Monaco (Danish, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Swedish, Welsh), Monac (Irish), Mnaco (Portuguese, Spanish), Monakas (Lithuanian), Monako (Basque, Esperanto, Latvian, Polish, Serbian, Slovak, Turkish), Monak - Μονακό (Greek), Mnak (Icelandic), Monoecus (Latin), Munegu (Monegasque)
Mons	Bergen (Dutch), Berĥeno (Esperanto), Mons (French), Mont (Walloon)
Montbliard	Mmpelgard (German), Montbliard (French)
Moscow	Maskava (Latvian), Maskva (Belarusian), Mosca (Italian), Mosc (Irish), Moscou (French, Brazilian Portuguese), Moscova (Romanian), Moscovo (Portuguese), Mosc (Spanish), Moskau (German), Mskha (Greek), Moskou (Dutch), Moskova (Finnish, Turkish), Moskva (Bulgarian, Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Danish, Russian, Swedish, Ukrainian), Moskve (Yiddish), Moskvo (Esperanto), Moskwa (Polish), Moszkva (Hungarian), Mūskū (Arabic)
Mosonmagyarvr	Mosonmagyarvr (Hungarian), Wieselburg-Ungarisch Altenburg (German)
Mukacheve	Mukačevo (Czech, Slovak), Mukacheve - Мyкaчeвe (Ukrainian), Mukachevo - Мyкaчeвo (Russian), Mukachiv - Мyкaчiв (Ruthenian), Mukaczewo (Polish), Minkatsh (Yiddish), Munkcs (Hungarian), Munkatsch (German)
Mulhouse	Milhse or Milhsa (Alsatian), Mlhausen (German), Mulhouse (French), Mylhzy (Czech), Miluza (Polish)
Munich	Minhen (Serbian), Minkhn (Yiddish); Miunchenas (Lithuanian), Miyūnikh (Arabic), Mjunkhen (Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian), Mnichov (Czech), Mnchov (Slovak), Monachium (Polish), Monaco di Baviera (Italian), Mnakho (Greek), Mnchen (Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Romanian, Low Saxon, Swedish), Munĥeno or Munkeno (Esperanto), Mnich (Spanish), Mnih (Turkish), Munique (Portuguese), Mnik (Walloon)
Mnster	Mnster (German), Meuster (Walloon)
Murmansk	Moermansk (Dutch), Mourmansk (French), Murmansk - Мурманск (Russian), Murmansko (Esperanto), Muurmanni or Muurmanski (older Finnish names), Muurmansk (Finnish); Romanov-on-Murman (former name), Murmanskas (Lithuanian), Murmańsk (Polish)

N

Other name(s) or older name(s)
a href="/encyclopedia/Namur" title="Namur">Namur	Namur (French), Namen (Dutch), Nameur (Walloon)
a href="/encyclopedia/Nancy" title="Nancy">Nancy	Nancy (French), Nanzig (German)
a href="/encyclopedia/Naples" title="Naples">Naples	Nābūlī (Arabic), Napels (Dutch), Npoles (Portuguese, Spanish), Napoli (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Turkish), Napolo (Esperanto), Npols (Catalan), Npoly (Hungarian), Napulj (Croatian, Serbian), Neapel (German), Neapolis (Lithuanian), Neapol (Czech, Polish, Slovak), Neapol' (Russian, Ukrainian), Neapole (old Romanian name), Nepoli (modern Greek), Nepolis (ancient Greek)
Narbonne	Narbo or Narbo Martius (Latin), Narbona (Italian, Spanish), Narbonne (French)
Neuchtel	Neuchtel (French), Neuenburg (German)
Newport (Monmouthshire)	Casnewydd (Welsh)
Newport (Pembrokeshire)	Trefdraeth (Welsh)
Nice	Nia (Catalan), Nicea (Polish), Nkea (Greek), Nis (Turkish), Nisa (Romanian), Niza (Spanish), Nizza (Italian, Finnish, German, Hungarian), Nica (Lithuanian)
Nicosia	Lefkoşe (Turkish), Lefkosa (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Spanish), Nicsia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia (Finnish), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Nikozija (Lithuanian)
Nijmegen	Nijmegen (Dutch), Nimega (Italian, Spanish), Nimgue (French), Nimwegen (German, Local Dialect), Nmegue (Walloon), Batavodurum, Noviomagum (Latin), Nimwege (Limburgs)
Nizhny Novgorod	Nijni-Novgorod (French, Romanian), Nischnij Nowgorod (German), Nizhni Novgorod (Finnish), Nižnij Novgorod - Нижний Новгород (Russian), Nižn Novgorod (Slovak), Nowogrd (Polish); Gorky (former name 1932-1990), Niny Novgordas (Lithuanian)
Novi Sad	Neusatz (German), Novi Sad - Нови Сад (Serbian), Nov Sad (Slovak), jvidk (Hungarian), Novi Sadas (Lithuanian)
Nowy Sącz	Neu-Sandez (German), Nowy Sącz (Polish), Sandz (Yiddish)
Nuremberg	Neurenberg (Dutch), Niremvryi - Νυρεμβέργη (Greek), Norimberg (Slovene), Norimberga (Italian), Norimberk (Czech), Nrnberg (Low Saxon), Norymberga (Polish), Nremberg (Spanish), Nuremberga (Portuguese), Nrnberg (Finnish, German, Hungarian), Niurnbergas (Lithuanian)

O

Other name(s) or older name(s)
buda (now part of Budapest)	Altofen (German), buda (Hungarian), Star Budn (Czech), Buda (Polish)
Odessa	Ades (Yiddish), Hacıbey (Turkish), Odesa (Ukrainian), Odessa (Russian, Polish)
Oldenburg	Oldemburgo (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Oldenburg (German), Starogard (Polish, Serbian)
Olomouc	Olmtz (German), Olomc or Holomc (Czech - Hanakian dialect), Olomouc (Czech), Olomuncium (Latin), Ołomuniec (Polish)
Olsztyn	Allenstein (German), Olsztyn (Polish), Oltinas (Lithuanian)
Opava	Opava (Czech), Opavia (Latin), Opawa (Polish), Troppau (German)
Opole	Opole (Polish), Opol (Czech), Oppeln (German)
Oporto	Burtuqāl (Arabic), Oporto (Italian, Spanish), Porto (Czech, Esperanto, French, German, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian), Portas (Lithuanian)
Oradea	Gran Varadino (Italian), Growardein (German), Magno-Varadinum (Latin variant), Nagyvrad (Hungarian), Oradea (Romanian, Polish), Varadinum (Latin), Varat (Turkish)
Oranienburg	Bocov (Czech), Btzow (former German name), Oranienburg (German)
Oslo	Asloa (Latin), Oslo (Bahasa Indonesia, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Osl (Irish), sl (Icelandic), Ūslū (Arabic), Oslas (Lithuanian), Christiania (former Dano-Norwegian name 1624-1925), Kristiania (late version of former name)
Osnabrck	Osnabrck (German), Osnabrugge (Dutch), Osnabruque (Portuguese)
Ostend	Oostende (Dutch/Flemish), Ostenda (Italian, Polish), Ostende (Czech, French, German, Portuguese, Serbian), Ostendo (Esperanto), Ostendė (Lithuanian), Ostinde (Walloon)
Oświęcim	Auschwitz (German), Osvětim (Czech), Osvienčim (Slovak), Oświęcim (Polish)
Oulu	Oulu (Finnish, Polish), Uleborg (Swedish)
Oxford	Oksfordo (Esperanto), Oxonia (Latin), Rhydychen (Welsh), Oksfordas (Lithuanian), Oksford (Polish)

P

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Padua	Padoue (French), Padova (Italian, Finnish, Romanian, Croatian, Czech, Slovak), Pdua (Portuguese), Padwa (Polish)
Palermo	Palerme (French), Palermo (Italian, Finnish, Polish), Palermas (Lithuanian)
Pamplona	Banbalūna (Arabic), Irua (Basque), Pamplona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Pampelune (French), Pampaluna / Lunapampa (Old Provenal), Pampeluna (Polish)
Paris	Bārīs (Arabic), Pras (Irish), Parigi (Italian), Pariis (Estonian), Pariisi (Finnish), Parijs (Dutch), Pars (Catalan, Spanish), Paris (French, Norwegian) Parsi (Greek), Pariso or Parizo (Esperanto), Pariž (Bulgarian, Russian), Pariz (Croatian, Serbian, Yiddish), Pařž (Czech), Parž (Slovak), Parīze (Latvian), Prizs (Hungarian), Paryż (Polish), Paryzh (Ukrainian), Paryžius (Lithuanian)
Parma	Parme (French), Parma (Italian, Latin, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish)
Prnu	Parnawa (Polish), Prnu (Estonian), Pernau (German), Piarnu (Lithuanian)
Passau	Batavia (Latin), Pasawa (Polish), Pasov (Czech), Passau (German), Passovia (Italian)
Pazin	Pisino (Italian), Pazin (Croatian)
Pcs	Pětikostel (Czech), Pečuh (Croatian), Fnfkirchen (German), Pťkostolie (Slovak), Pecz (Polish)
Perpignan	Perpignan (French), Perpignano (Italian), Perpin (Spanish), Perpinho (Portuguese), Perpinjan (Serbian), Perpiny (Catalan)
Perugia	Pérouse (French), Perugia (Italian), Perusa (Spanish)
Petroskoy	Petrozavodsk (Russian), Petroskoi (Finnish), Äänislinna (old Finnish name), Petrozavodskas (Lithuanian)
Piacenza	Piacenza (Italian), Pjaćenca (Serbian), Plaisance (French), Plasencia (Spanish)
Piotrkw Trybunalski	Petrikau (German), Petrikev (Yiddish), Petrokov (Russian), Piotrkw Trybunalski (Polish)
Plauen	Plauen (German, Polish), Plavno (Czech)
Pleven	Pleven (Bulgarian), Plevna (Russian), Plevno (Czech), Plewen (Polish)
Plovdiv	Filippopoli (Italian), Philipopolis (Greek, former name), Plovdiv (Bulgarian), Płowdiw (Polish), Pulpudeva (Thracian, former name), Evmolpias (Thracian, former name), Trimontium (Roman, former name), Filibe (Turkish, former name), Paldin (Slav, former name)
Plymouth	Pleimuiden (Dutch), Plimuto (Esperanto)
Plzeň	Pilsen (German, Italian), Pilzno (Polish), Plzeň (Czech)
Podgorica	Titograd (former name), Ribnica (former name)
Pompeii	Pompei (Italian), Pompeia (Portuguese), Pompeji (German), Pompeya (Spanish), Pompeja (Serbian), Pompeje (Polish), Pompiia (Greek), Pompeiji (Finnish), Pompėja (Lithuanian), Pompeji''', (Danish)
Porec	Parenzo (Italian), Poreč (Croatian)
Pori	Björneborg (Swedish), Pori (Finnish)
Portorož	Portorose (Italian), Portorož (Slovene)
Porvoo	Borg (Swedish), Porvoo (Finnish)
Potsdam	Podstupim (Lower Sorbian), Postupim (Czech, Slovak), Potsdam (German, Italian), Poczdam (Polish), Potsdamas (Lithuanian)
Poznań	Posen (German), Posnania (Latin), Posnanie (French), Poyzn (Yiddish), Poznań (Polish), Poznanė (Lithuanian)
Prague	Birāġ (Arabic), Praha (Czech, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Praag (Dutch), Prag (Croatian, Danish, German, Serbian, Swedish, Turkish), Prg (Irish), Prga (Greek, Hungarian), Praga (Bulgarian, Catalan, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish), Prago (Esperanto), Prog or Prug (Yiddish)
Pravdinsk	Friedland (German), Pravdinsk (Russian), Romuva (Lithuanian)
Priozersk	Kexholm / Keksholm (Swedish), Käkisalmi (Finnish), Korela (alternative Finnish name)
Pristina	Prishtin (Albanian), Priština - Приштина (Serbian), Priştina (Turkish), Prisztina (Polish), Pristino (Esperanto), Pritina (Lithuanian)
Pruszcz Gdański	Praust (German), Pruszcz Gdański (Polish)
Przemyśl	Peremyshl (Russian), Premisl (Yiddish), Przemyśl (Polish)
Pskov	Pihkva (Estonian), Pihkova (Finnish), Psków (Polish), Pleskau (German), Pskovas (Lithuanian)
Pula	Pola (Italian), Pula (Croatian)
Puławy	Pilev (Yiddish), Puławy (Polish)
Pyrzyce	Pyritz (German), Pyrzyce (Polish)

R

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Rădăuţi	Rădăuţi (Romanian), Radautz (German), Radevits (Yiddish), Radowce (Polish)
Radymno	Radymno (Polish), Redem (Yiddish)
Rauma	Rauma (Finnish), Raumo (Swedish)
Regensburg	Řezno (Czech), Ratisbona (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Ratisbonne (French), Ratyzbona (Polish), Ratisbon (English obs., Latin), Regensborg (Low Saxon), Regensburg (German)
Rheims	Reims (French), Remeš (Czech), Remso (Esperanto), Reimsas (Lithuanian)
Riga	Riga (Italian, Portuguese, Russian), Rīga (Latvian), Rīġā (Arabic), Rige (Yiddish), Riha (Belarusian, Ukrainian), Riia (Estonian), Riika (Finnish), Ryga (Lithuanian, Polish)
Rijeka	Fiume (Italian, Hungarian), Rijeka (Croatian, Polish), St. Veit am Flaum (German)
Rivne	Rivne (Ukrainian), Rovne (Yiddish), Rovno (Russian), Rwne (Polish), Rowno (German)
Rome	Rhufain (Welsh), Rim (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian), Rm (Slovak), Řm (Czech), An Rimh (Irish), Rom (German), Rmi (Greek), Rma (Hungarian), Roma (Catalan, Italian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish, Turkish), Romo (Esperanto), Rooma (Estonian, Finnish), Roym (Yiddish), Rūmiya (Arabic), Rym (Ukrainian), Rzym (Polish)
Roskilde	Hrarskelda (Icelandic), Roskilde (Danish)
Rostock	Rostock (German, Polish), Roztoky (Czech), Rostokas (Lithuanian)
Rouen	Rouen (French), Ruo (Portuguese), Ruborg (Icelandic)
Rovaniemi	Roavenjarga (Sami), Rovaniemi (Finnish, Swedish), Rovaniemis (Lithuanian)
Rovinj	Rovigno (Italian), Rovinj (Croatian)
Rzeszw	Reichshof (German 1939-1945), Reyshe (Yiddish), Rzeszw (Polish)

S

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Saarbrcken	Saarbrcken (German), Sarrebruck (French, Spanish), Sarbriukenas (Lithuanian)
Saarlouis	Sarrelouis (French), Saarlautern (German 1939-1945)
Sagunto	Sagunt (Catalan, German), Sagunto (Italian, Spanish)
Salzburg	Salisburgo (Italian), Salzbourg (French), Salzburg (German, Slovene), Salzburgo (Spanish), Solnograd (old Slovene), Solnohrad (Czech), Zalcburgas (Lithuanian)
Samara	Kujbišev (Slovene), Kuybyshev (former name)
Samarkand	Samarcanda (Catalan, Italian, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkand (Slovene), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish), Samarkandas (Lithuanian)
San Sebastin	Donostia (Basque), Sant Sebasti (Catalan), Saint-Sbastien (French), San Sebastijanas (Lithuanian)
Santiago de Compostela	Šānt Yāqūb (Arabic), Sant Jaume de Galcia (Catalan), Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle (French), Santiago de Compostela (Galician, Portuguese), Santiago di Compostella (Italian)
Saragossa	Saragoa (Portuguese), Saragosa (Slovene), Saragossa (Catalan, German, Polish), Saragosse (French), Saragozza (Italian), Zaragoza (Czech, Spanish), Sarkusta (Arabic)
Sarajevo	Sarāyīfū (Arabic), Sarajevo (Slovene), Sarajewo (German, Polish), Saraybosna (Turkish), Szarajev (Hungarian), Sarajevas (Lithuanian)
Saranda	(yii) Sarnda (Greek), Sarandë / Saranda (Albanian), Santiquaranta (Italian)
Saverne	Zabern (German)
Schaffhausen	Schaffhouse (French), Schaffhausen (German), Sciaffusa (Italian), Schaffusa (Romansh), Szafuza (Polish)
Schmogrow	Schmogrow (German), Smogorjow (Lower Sorbian)
Schweinfurt	Schweinfurt (German, Slovene), Svinibrod (Czech)
Schwerin	Schwerin (German), Swaryń (Polish), Zuarin (Obotritic), Zvěřn (Czech)
Schwyz	Schwytz (French), Schwyz (German), Svitto (Italian), Sviz (Romansh)
Senj	Segna (Italian), Senj (Croatian, Slovene), Zengg (old Hungarian name)
Seville	al-Išbīliya (Arabic), Sevila (Slovene), Sevilha (Portuguese), Sevilia (Romanian obs.), Seviljo (Esperanto), Sevilla (Catalan, Finnish, Norwegian, Slovak, Spanish, German), Sville (French), Sevilya (Turkish), Sewilla (Polish), Siviglia (Italian), Sevilija (Lithuanian)
Shkodr	Scutari (Italian), Skadar (Czech, Serbian, Slovene), Szkodra (Polish), Skutari (German)
Shrewsbury	Amwythig (Welsh)
Šiauliai	Schaulen (German), Shaulyay (Russian), Shavl (Yiddish), Šiauliai (Lithuanian), Szawle (Polish)
Sibenik	Sebenico (Italian), Šibenik (Croatian, Slovene), Szybenik (Polish)
Sibiu	Sibiň (Czech), Sibiu (Romanian), Hermannstadt (German), Szeben (Hungarian)
Siedlce	Sedlets (Russian), Shedlets (Yiddish), Siedlce (Polish)
Sienna	Sienne (French), Siena (Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Slovene, Turkish), Siena (Lithuanian)
Sighişoara	Schssburg (German), Segesvr (Hungarian), Sighişoara (Romanian)
Skopje	Shkupi (Albanian), Skop'e (Russian), Skpia (Greek), Skopia (Spanish), Skopie (Bulgarian, Polish), Skopje (Slovene), Skoplje (Serbian, Croatian), Skūbyī (Arabic), skp (Turkish), Skopjė (Lithuanian)
Sligo	Sligeach (Irish)
Solin	Salona (Italian), Solin (Croatian, Slovene)
Sofia	Serdica (Thracian), Sredets (Slav), Sfia (Greek, Portuguese), Sofia (Italian, Polish), Sofa (Spanish), Sofija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Sofio (Esperanto), Sofya (Turkish), Sūfiyā (Arabic), Szfia (Hungarian)
Solothurn	Soleure (French), Solothurn (German), Soletta (Italian), Soloturn (Romansh), Solura (Polish)
Snderborg	Sonderburg (German)
Sopron	denburg (German), Šoproň (Czech), Sopron (Hungarian)
Sovetsk	Sovetsk - Советск (Russian), Sovjetsk (Slovene), Tilsit (German), Tilė (Lithuanian)
Speyer	Spires (English obs.), Espira (Spanish, Portuguese), Spire (French), Spira (Italian), Špr (Czech)
Split	Spalato (Italian), Split (Croatian, Slovene), Splitas (Lithuanian)
Spremberg	Grodk (Lower Sorbian), Spremberg (German)
St. Gallen	Saint-Gall (French), Sankt Gallen (German), San Gallo (Italian), Son Gagl (Romansh), Svat Havel (Czech)
St. Petersburg	Aya Petrpoli (Greek), Peterburg (Yiddish), Peterburi (Estonian), Petroburgo (Esperanto), Pietari (Finnish), Saint-Ptersbourg (French), Sankt-Pecjarburh (Belarusian), Sankt-Peterburg (Russian, Slovene), Sankt Peterburg (Serbian, Slovak), Sanktpēterburga (Latvian), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Sankt Petěrburk (Czech), Sankt Petersborg (Danish), Sankt Petersburg (German, Polish, Romanian), Sankt Peterzburg (Serbian), San Petersburgo (Spanish), San Pietroburgo (Italian), Sānt Bītarsbūrġ (Arabic), So Petersburgo (Portuguese), Sint-Petersburg (Dutch), St. Petersburg Norwegian, Szentptervr (Hungarian); Leningrad (former name), Leningrado (former Italian name), Petrograd (former Russian name, former Slovene name), Petrohrad (former Czech name), Piotrogrd (former Polish name), Sankt Peterburgas (Lithuanian), Petrapilis (former Lithuanian)
St. Moritz	Sankt Moritz (German), San Murezzan (Romansh), Svat Mořic (Czech)
Starokonstantinov	Alt-Konstantin (German), Starokonstantinov / Староконстантинов (Russian), Old Constantine (older English name), Starokostyantyniv (Ukrainian)
Stockholm	Estocolm (Catalan), Estocolmo (Portuguese, Spanish), Istūkhūlm (Arabic), Stoccolma (Italian), Stockholm (Norwegian, Slovene, Swedish), Stclm (Irish), Stokgol'm (Russian), Štokholm (Serbian, Slovak), Stokhol'm (Ukrainian), Stokholma (Latvian), Stokholmas (Lithuanian), Stokholmo (Esperanto), Stokkhlmi (Greek), Stokkhlmur (Icelandic), Sztokholm (Polish), Tukholma (Finnish), Stokholmas (Lithuanian)
Stralsund	Stralsund (German), Strzałowo (Polish)
Strasbourg	Estrasburgo (Portuguese, Spanish), Schdroosburi or Strossburi (Alsatian), Straatsburg (Dutch), Strasbourg (French, Norwegian, Slovene), Strasburg (Polish), Štrasburg (Slovak), Strasburgo (Esperanto, Italian), Štrasburk (Czech), Strassburg (Finnish), Straßburg (German), Strazbur (Serbian), Strasbūras (Lithuanian)
Straubing	Straubing (German), Štrubina (Czech)
Stuttgart	Estugarda (Portuguese), Šthrad (Czech), Stoccarda (Italian), Stuttgart (German, Norwegian, Slovene), Stoutgrdhi (Greek), tutgartas (Lithuanian)
Subotica	Mariatheresiopel (German), Subotica - Суботица (Serbian), Subotica (Slovene), Szabadka (Hungarian)
Suceava	Shots (Yiddish), Suceava (Romanian), Suczawa (Polish, German)
Swansea	Abertaŭo (Esperanto), Abertawe (Welsh), Swansea (Slovene)
Świnoujście	Swinemnde (German), Świnoujście (Polish)
Syracuse	Syrakus (German), Siracusa (Italian, Romanian, Portuguese, Spanish), Syrakuzy (Polish), Syrakzy (Slovak), Sirakuza (Serbian), Sirakza (Turkish), Sirakuze (Slovene), Syrakusa (Finnish), Sirakuso (Esperanto), Sirakūzai (Lithuanian), Siragza (Arabic)
Szczebrzeszyn	Shebreshin שעברעשין (Yiddish), Szczebrzeszyn (Polish)
Szczecin	Scecinum / Stetinum (Latin), Stettin (German, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish), Szczecin (Polish), Štětn (Czech), Štetn (Slovene), Stettino (Italian), Šćećin (Serbian), tetinas (Lithuanian)
Szczytno	Ortelsburg (German), Ortulfsburg (older German), Szczytno (Polish)
Szeged	Segedn (Czech), Szeged (Hungarian), Seghedino (Italian), Segedyn or Szegedyn (Polish), Seghedin (Romanian)
Szkesfehrvr	Stoličn Bělehrad (Czech), Stolni Biograd (Croatian), Stuhlweißenburg (German), Stoličn Belehrad (Slovak), İstolni Belgrad (Turkish)
Szentendre	Sentandreja - Сентандреја (Serbian), Svat Ondřej (Czech), Szentendre (Hungarian)
Szombathely	Kamenec (Czech), Steinamanger (German), Szombathely (Hungarian, Slovene)

T

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Tallinn	Lindanissa (Latin variant), Rvel (old Swedish name), Reval (old German name), Revalia (Latin), Rewal or Tallin (Polish), Tālīn (Arabic), Talinas (Lithuanian), Taljin (Serbian), Tallin (Norwegian, Russian, Swedish, Slovak, Spanish), Tallina (Latvian), Tallinna (Finnish)
Tampere	Tammerfors (Swedish), Tampere (Finnish), Tamperė (Lithuanian)
Taranto	Taranto (Italian), Tras (ancient Greek), Tarent (Czech, German, Serbian), Tarente (French), Tarento (Spanish), Tarentum (Latin)
Trgu Mureş	Marosvsrhely (Hungarian), Neumarkt (German), Trgu Mureş or Trgu Mureş (Romanian)
Tarnw	Tarne (Yiddish), Tarnw (Polish)
Tartu	Derpet (Yiddish), Dorpat (German, Polish), Tērbata (Latvian, before 1918), Tartto (Finnish), Yur'yev (Russian)
Tashkent	Tašqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish), Tachkent (French), Taskndē (Greek), Taskent (Hungarian), Taszkient / Taszkent (Polish), Taškent (Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Croatian, Serbian), Taşkent (Romanian, Turkish), Toshkent (Uzbek), Taschkent (German), Takentas (Lithuanian)
Tbilisi	Teflis - تفلیس (Persian), Tiflīs (Arabic), Tbilissi (French), Tbilisi (Georgian, Italian, Romanian, Slovene), Tiflis (German, Italian obs., Spanish, Turkish), Tyflda (Greek), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Tibilisi / Tyflis (Polish), Tbilisis (Lithuanian)
Tekirdağ	Rodosto (Greek), Rodost (Hungarian)
Terezn	Terezn (Czech, Slovak), Theresienstadt (German)
Těšn	Cieszyn (Polish), Teschen (German), Tešn (Slovak)
The Hague	L'Aia (Italian), Gaaga (Russian), De Haach (Frisian), Den Haag / 's-Gravenhage (Dutch), Haag (Czech, Finnish, Slovak, Slovene), Den Haag / der Haag (German), Haaha (Ukrainian), Hag (Serbian), Haga (Polish, Romanian, Lithuanian), Hga (Hungarian), Haia (Portuguese), An Hig (Irish), La Haya (Spanish), La Haye (French), Khyi (Greek), Lāhāy (Arabic), Lahey (Turkish)
Thessaloniki	Saloniki (alternative Greek name), Săruna (Aromanian), Soluň (Czech), Thessalonique (French), Saloniki (German, Polish), Salonicco / Tessalonica (Italian), Salonic (Romanian), Selanik (Turkish), Soln (Slovak), Solun (Bulgarian, Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovene), Salonica (alternative English name), Salnica (alternative Spanish name) Tesalnica (Spanish), Tessalnica (Portuguese), Tessalonika (Finnish), Salonikai (Lithuanian)
Thionville	Diedenhofen (German), Diedenhoven (former Dutch name), Thionville (French)
Timişoara	Temešvr (Czech, Slovak), Temeswar / Temeschburg / (Temeschwar) (German), Temesvr (Hungarian), Temišvar (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene), Timişoara (Romanian), Timiszoara (Polish), Tamışvar (Turkish)
Tipperary	Tiobraid rann (Irish)
Tirana	Tiranë / Tirana (Albanian), Tirana (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tiran (Turkish)
Tongeren	Tongeren (Dutch), Tongern (German), Tongres (French), Tongue (Walloon), Aduatuca (Latin)
Tórshavn	Thorshavn (Danish), órshöfn (Icelandic)
Tornio	Duortnus (Northern Sami), Torne (Swedish), Tornio (Finnish)
Toruń	Toruń (Polish), Toruň (Czech), Thorn (German), civitas Torunensis (Latin), Torń (Kashubian)
Toulon	Tolone (Italian), Toulon (French) Tulon (Polish)
Toulouse	Tolosa de Llenguadoc (Catalan), Tolosa (Italian, Latin, former Spanish name), Toulouse (French, Portuguese), Tuluza (Polish), Tuluz (Serbian) , Tulūza (Lithuanian)
Trebizond	Trabzon (Turkish), Trapezunt (German, Finnish, Polish, Romanian obs.), Trapeznda (Greek), Trebisonda (Spanish, Italian, Portuguese), Trbizonde (French)
Trent	Trento (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Trient (German), Trident (Czech), Trente (French, Dutch), Trydent (Polish)
Trier	Trevr (Czech, Slovak), Trves (French), Treviri (Italian), Trewir (Polish), Trveris (Spanish, Portuguese), Trive (Walloon)
Trieste	Tergeste (Latin), Terst (Czech), Trist (Dutch), Triest (German, Polish), Trieste (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Trst (Croatian, Serbian, Slovene)
Trogir	Tra (Italian), Trogir (Croatian)
Trondheim	Nidaros (Norwegian 997-15th century and again 1930), Trondhjem (Dano-Norwegian 15th century-1929), Trondheim (Norwegian 1931-1939 and 1945-present), Drontheim (1940-1945) (German name during WWII occupation), rándheimur (Icelandic), Trondheimas (Lithuanian)
Troms	Tromssa (Finnish, Sami)
Tbingen	Tubinga (Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Tubingue (French), Tubinky / Tybinky (Czech), Tybinga (Polish)
Turin	Tor (Catalan), Torino (Italian, Croatian, Hungarian, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Finnish, Turkish), Turijn (Dutch), Turim (Portuguese), Turn (Czech, Slovak, Spanish), Turyn (Polish), Turinas (Lithuanian)
Turku	Åbo (Swedish), Aboa / Aboia / Turcua (Latin), Turu (Estonian), Turku (Finnish)
Tver	Kalinin (former name), Tver (Italian, Slovene), Twer (Polish, German), Tverė (Lithuanian)
Tyszowce	Tishevits טישעװיץ (Yiddish), Tyszowce (Polish)

U

Other name(s) or older name(s)
berlingen	berlingen (German), Jibrovice (Czech)
Udine	Udin (Friulian), Udine (Italian), Videm (Czech), Udinė (Lithuanian)
Ulcinj	Dulcigno (Italian), Ulcinj (Croatian, Serbian)
Ulm	Ulm (German), Ulma (Italian), Ulmas (Lithuanian)
Ulyanovsk	Simbirsk (former name), Uljanovsk (Serbian, Slovene), Uljanowsk (German), Uljanovskas (Lithuanian)
Umag	Umago (Italian), Umag (Croatian)
Ume	Uumaja (Finnish)
Utrecht	Traiectum (Latin), Utert (Frisian), Utrecht (Dutch), Utreĥto (Esperanto), Utrechtas (Lithuanian), Utrek (Walloon)
Uzhhorod	Ungvr (Hungarian), Ungvir, Ingver, Yngvyr - אונגװיר (Yiddish), Ungwar (German), Uschhorod (German), Užgorod - Ужгород (Russian), Užhorod - Ужгородъ (Ruthenian), Užhorod (Slovak), Užhorod - Ужгород (Ukrainian)

V

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Vaasa	Vasa (Swedish), Waza (Polish), Nikolainkaupunki (alternative old Finnish name), Nikolaistad (alternative old Swedish name)
Valencia	Valncia (Catalan), Valence (French), Valencia (Slovene, Spanish), Valncia (Portuguese), Valencio or Valencujo (Esperanto), Walencja (Polish), Valensija (Lithuanian)
Valkenburg	Valkenburg (Dutch), Fauquemont (old French)
Valletta	il-Belt (colloquial Maltese), il-Belt Valletta (Maltese), Fālītā (Arabic), Valta (Greek), La Valeta (Portuguese), La Valette (French), La Valletta (Italian, Polish, Slovak), Valeta (Lithuanian)
Venice	Bentky (Czech, Slovak), Benetke (Slovene), al-Bunduqīya (Arabic), Feneyjar (Icelandic), An Veinis (Irish), Velence (Hungarian), Vencia (Catalan), Venecia (Spanish), Venecija (Bulgarian, Croatian, Serbian, Russian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian), Veneco (Esperanto), Venedig (Danish, German, Swedish), Venedik (Turkish), Veneta (Greek), Veneţia (Romanian), Veneti (Dutch), Venetsia (Finnish), Veneza (Portuguese), Venezia (Italian), Venise (French), Vinitsia (Yiddish), Wenecja (Polish)
Vienna	Beč (Croatian, Serbian), Bcs (Hungarian), Dunaj (Slovene), Fienna (Welsh), Vena (Russian, Ukrainian), Vīne (Latvian), Vdeň (Czech), Viedeň (Slovak), Viena (Catalan, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian), Vienna (Italian), Vienne (French), Vinni (Greek), Vieno (Esperanto), Vin (Yiddish), Vn (Irish), Vindobona (Latin), Viyana (Turkish), Wenen (Dutch), Wiedeń (Polish), Wien (Finnish, German, Swedish)
Villach	Bělk (Czech), Beljak (Slovene), Bilachium (Latin), Villach (German), Villaco (Italian)
Vilnius	Filniyūs (Arabic), Vilna (Italian, Spanish, Slovene, Finnish, Norwegian, Russian), Vilne (Yiddish), Viļņa (Latvian), Vil'nja / Vil'njus (Belarusian), Vil'njus (Russian, Ukrainian), Vilnjus (Serbian), Vilno (Czech, Russian), Wilna (German), Wilno (Polish)
Vitoria	Gasteiz (Basque), Vitria (Portuguese), Vitorija (Lithuanian)
Vitsyebsk	Vitebsk (Russian, Yiddish), Vitsyebsk (Belarusian), Witebsk (Polish),
Vladikavkaz	Ordzhonikidze (former name 1932-1944 and 1954-1990), Dzaudzhikau (former name 1944-1954), Vladikaukazas (Lithuanian)
Vlor	Vlorë / Vlora (Albanian), Valona (Italian, Serbian), Aulona (ancient name), Avlonya (Turkish)
Volgograd	Stalingrad (former name), Tsaritsyn (former name), Wołgograd (Polish), Carycyn (former Polish name), Volgograd (Slovene), Volgogrado (Portuguese, Spanish), Wolgograd (German), Estalinegrado (former Portuguese name), Estalingrado (former Spanish name), Stalingrado (former Italian name), Volgogradas (Lithuanian)
Vyborg	Viiburi (Estonian), Viipuri (Finnish), Viborg (Swedish), Wiburg (German)

W

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Wangen	Vanky (Czech), Wangen (German)
Waremme	Waremme (French), Borgworm (Dutch), Warme / Wareme (Walloon)
Warsaw	Vrs (Irish), Varšava (Belarusian, Czech, Croatian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovene, Ukrainian), Varsavia (Italian), Varshe (Yiddish), Varsj (Icelandic), Vars (Hungarian), Varsova (Finnish), Varşova (Turkish), Varsovia (Latin, Spanish), Varsova (Greek), Varsvia (Portuguese), Varşovia (Romanian), Varsovie (French), Varsovio (Esperanto), Varssavi (Estonian), Varšuva (Lithuanian), Warschau (Dutch, German), Wārsū (Arabic), Warszawa (Polish)
Waterford	Port Láirge (Irish)
Waver	Wavre (French), Waver (Dutch), Auve / Wve (Walloon)
Weimar	Vmar (Czech), Weimar (German), Veimaras (Lithuanian)
Wejherowo	Neustadt in Westpreuen (German), Wejherowo (Polish)
Wexford	Loch Garman (Irish)
Wicklow	Cill Mhantin (Irish)
Winchester	Caerwynt (Welsh)
Wolgast	Wolgast (German), Wołogoszcz (Polish)
Worcester	Caerwrangon (Welsh)
Worms	Vermayze װערמײַזע (Yiddish), Wormacja (Polish), Wormazia (Italian obs.), Worms (German)
Wroclaw	Wrocław (Polish), Vratislav (Czech), Vratislavia / Wratislavia / Wracislavia (Latin), Breslau (Dutch, German, Swedish, Norwegian, Danish), Wroclaw (Finnish, Slovene), Vratislav / Vroclav (Slovak, Serbian), Breslavia (Italian), Vroclavas (Lithuanian)
Wrzburg	Wrzborg (Low Saxon), Wrzburg (German), Wurzburgo (Spanish)

Y

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Yekaterinburg	Jekaterinburg (Serbian, Finnish, German, Slovene, Swedish), Jekaterynburg (Polish), Ekaterinburg (Romanian), Ekaterimburgo (Spanish), Sverdlovsk (former name), Jekaterinburgas (Lithuanian)
Yerevan	Yirīfān (Arabic), Erevan (French, English rare, Romanian, Slovene), Jerewan / Eriwan (German), Jerevn (Hungarian), Erywań or Erewań / Erewan (Polish), Jerevan (Czech, Finnish, Russian, Ukrainian, Slovak, Serbian), Erevn (Spanish), Erivan (Turkish), Jerevanas (Lithuanian)
York	Caerefrog / Efrog (Welsh), Eabhrac (Irish), Eboracum (Latin), Efrawg (Breton, Cornish), Iorc (Scots Gaelic), Jorvik (ancient Scandinavian), Jórvík (Icelandic), Jork (Polish)Jorko (Esperanto), Jorkas (Lithuanian)
Ypres	Ieper (Dutch), Ypres (French), Ypern (German), Ipro (Esperanto)

Z

Other name(s) or older name(s)
Zabrze	Hindenburg (German 1915-1945), Zabrze (Polish)
Zadar	Zara (Italian), Zra (Hungarian), Zadar (Croatian), Zadaras (Lithuanian)
Zagreb	Zaġrib (Arabic), Zhřeb (Czech), Zhreb (Slovak), Agram (German obs.), Zgrb (Hungarian), Zagabria (Italian), Zagrzeb (Polish), Zagreb (Slovene), Zagrep (Turkish), Zahreb (Ukrainian), Zgreb (Serbian), Zagrebo (Esperanto), Zagrebas (Lithuanian)
Zeebrugge	Seebrgge (German)
Zhytomyr	Zhitomir (Russian, Yiddish), Zhytomyr (Ukrainian), Żytomierz (Polish), Jitomir (Romanian)
Zielona Gra	Grnberg (German), Mons Viridis (Latin), Zielona Gra (Polish)
Zittau	Žitava (Czech), Zittau (German), Żytawa (Polish)
Znamensk	Vėluva (Lithuanian), Wehlau (German), Welawa (Polish), Znamensk (Russian)
Znojmo	Znaim (German), Znojmo (Polish)
Zolochiv	Złoczew or Złoczw (Polish), Zlotshev (Yiddish), Zolochev (Russian), Zolochiv (Ukrainian)
Zug	Zoug (French), Zug (German, Romansh), Zugo (Italian)
Zurich	Zūrīk (Arabic), Cirih (Serbian), Ciūrichas (Lithuanian), Cjurikh (Russian, Ukrainian), Curiĥo (Esperanto), Curych (Czech), Turitg (Romansh), Zurich (French), Zrich (German, Finnish, Slovene, Swedish), Zrich (Spanish), Zurigo (Italian), Zrih (Turkish), Zurique (Portuguese), Zurych (Polish), Zyrkhi (Greek)
Zwickau	Cvikov (Czech), Zwickau (German)