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List Of Dacian WordsThis is a partial List of Dacian words found in Romanian. The Romanian language contains at least 300 words considered by many Romanian scholars to be of Dacian language origin. A few of these also have cognates in the Albanian language. Some of these etymologies are more controversial than others: because there are no significant surviving written examples of the Dacian language, it is difficult to verify, and because the Dacian language may have been relatively close to Latin, it is difficult to ascertain whether some of the words (e.g. mare, "large") are from Dacian or Latin. By adding place- and river-names, and most of the forms labelled 'etymon unknown', the number of the indigenous elements in Romanian may surpass 500 basic roots, which is in full agreement with the historical and archaeological data regarding the importance of the North Thracian (Dacian) influence in Romanian. Note that, across time, many indigenous (Thracian or Dacian) words in Romanian were (and often still are) held for borrowings from Slavic or Hungarian, whereas a coherent etymological analysis may show that, in many such cases, the sense of borrowing was from Romanian to the neighboring languages; we may also surmise a limited number of borrowings from a North Thracian (Dacian) dialect into Proto-Slavic (Pre-Expansion Slavic) as early as 3rd-4th century A.D. With this in view, it is probable that the complete list of the archaic (Pre-Romance) heritage of Romanian will soon record an impressive number of such elements, of both Indo-European and Pre-Indo-European origin. Examples of such words in Romanian are: - abur - "steam", "vapour"; Albanian "avull"
- agale - "walking slowly"; Albanian "ngadal" (or Greek "αγάλια")
- amurg - "dusk"; see murg
- baban - "big, plump"
- baci - "shepherd"
- bagă - "to put in, to stick in"
- bală, balaur - "dragon" "monster"; Albanian "boll" (meaning snake);cf. Phrygian 'balaios' (meaning "large", "fast")
- baligă - "manure"; Albanian "bajg"
- baltă - "puddle", "swamp"; Albanian "balt" means "puddle, mud"; Phrygian 'belte' (swamp)
- barză - "stork"; Albanian "bardh" (meaning white)
- băiat - "boy"
- brsă - "part of the plough" (for the actual definition see the DEX); Albanian "vrz"
- beregată - "throat"
- brad - "fir"; Albanian "bredh"
- brnză - "cheese"
- bru - "belt", "girdle"; Albanian "bres", "brezi"; Ancient Greek 'phren' (the midriff), from an earlier *bhren(o-)- form
- broască - "frog"; Albanian "breshk" means 'tortoise' or 'turtle'
- buc - "remaining chaff after the hemp seeds or the linseeds have been winnowed"; Albanian "byk"
- bucuros - "happy"; "bukurosh" in Albanian is "beautiful"/"handsome" (male)
- bufniţă - "owl"; Albanian "buf"
- bulz - "ball of corn mush"; Albanian "bulez"
- bunget - "thicket"; Albanian "bunk"
- burduf -"sack" (related to burtă)
- burtă - "belly"; Albanian "bark";
- buză - "lip"; has the same meaning in Albanian; the word is also found in Thracian names such as Buzas
- caraban - "Rhinoceros beetle" (Oryctes nasicornis); Albanian "karabishte"; Anc. Greek "karabos" (stag beetle)
- căpuşă - "tick" (insect); Albanian "kpush"
- cătun - "hamlet"; Albanian "katun"
- cioc - "beak"; Albanian "ok", "sqep"
- coclauri - "deserted, far places"
- copac - "tree"; Albanian "kopa/e" = beating
- copil - "child"; in Albanian "kopil" and Serbian and Croatian "kopile"= bastard
- cioară - "crow"; Albanian "sorr"
- ciot - "gnarl", "knot" (wood)
- ciută - "hind"; Albanian "shut"
- daltă -"chisel"; Albanian "dalt" same meaning
- dmb- " a small hill, a mound"
- doină - "melancholy folk song"; Latvian "daina" with the same meaning
- droaie - "crowd", "a lot of"; Albanian "druaj" is to be afraid or shy
- fărmă - "crumb"; Albanian "thrrime"
- fluier - "pipe"
- a fluiera - "to whistle"; see fluier
- fluture - "butterfly"; Albanian "flutur"
- gard - "fence"; Albanian "gardh"; Old Icelandic "gerdi" (a fenced field); Lithuanian "gardas" (fence); Phrygian "gordium" (a walled city)
- gata - "ready"; Albanian "gati"; Hittite "qati", "kati" (ready)
- gălbează - "sheep liver fluke" (Fasciola hepatica); Albanian "kl'baz", "gl'baz" means phlegm
- a (se) găti - "to dress up", "to cook", "to prepare", "to finish"; Albanian "gatit" (see also gata)
- gheară - "claw", "talon"; Albanian "kthetr" ('claw') might be a cognate
- ghimpe - "thorn"; Albanian "gjmp", "gjemb"
- ghionoaie - "woodpecker"; Albanian "gjon" (meaning owl)
- ghiuj - "old (weak) man", "old dotard"; Albanian "gjysh" (meaning grandfather)
- gorun - "sessile oak" (Quercus petraea); IE root "*gwalan-" (oak)
- grapă - "harrow"; Albanian "grep", "grep" (meaning fishing rod or hook of the fishing rod)
- gresie - "gritstone", "sandstone", "whetstone"; Albanian "gres"
- groapă - "hole", "pit"; Albanian "grop/gropa"
- grumaz - "neck"; in Albanian, "gurmaz" is throat
- grunz - "piece of hard and crumbly substance"; Albanian "krunde" is bran
- a se gudura - "to fawn"; Albanian "gudutis"
- guşă - "goiter", "crop"; Albanian "gush" (with the same meaning or meaning "Adam's apple") (Note: the Romanian word and the Albanian word may originate from Latin "geusiae")
- a hămesi - "to starve"; Albanian "hams" is a glutton
- lai - "black or black mixed with white"
- lăbărţa -"to grow larger, to swell, to become deformed"
- a licări/licuri - "to sparkle"
- mal - "bank", "shore"; Albanian "mal" (meaning mountain), "Mal i Zi" = "Montenegro" (Albanian "zi" black)
- mare - "big" (or Latin "mas", "maris")
- mazăre - "pea"; Albanian "modhull"
- măgar - "donkey"; Albanian "gomar"
- măgură - "hill", "knoll"; Albanian "magul"
- mălai - "corn flour"
- mămăligă - "corn mush" (perhaps derived from mălai)
- mărar - "dill"; Greek "μάραθρον"
- mătrăgună - "atropa belladona"; Albanian "matrgon"
- mătură - "broom"
- mnz - "colt"; Albanian "mz", Thracian "mezenai" (characters written on a gold ring, depicting a man riding a horse), Messapian "manzana" a deity to whom horses were offered
- mnzare - "sheep giving milk"; Albanian "mzore"
- melc - "snail"
- mire/mireasă - "groom"/"bride"; Albanian "mir" (meaning good)
- a (se) mişca - "to move"
- moaşă - "midwife"; same origin as moş
- molid - "spruce fir"; Albanian "molik"
- moş - "old man"; in Albanian "mosha" = age, "moshuar" = of old age
- motan - "tomcat"
- mugur - "bud" (biol.); Albanian "mugull"
- mură - (regional) "gland, ganglion on the chest or the neck of some animals"; according to the Albanian "mull"
- murg - "bay" (color), "bay horse"; Albanian "murg" = monk
- a muşca - "to bite"
- oare - (roughly) "really", "isn't it"; Latin "volet", Albanian "vall"
- olog - "lame, crippled", "lame man, cripple"; Albanian "ulok"
- pală - (hay) "quantity of hay held by a pitchfork", (wind) "breeze"
- păstaie - "pod", "seedcase"; Albanian "pistaj", "bishtaj"
- pru, prău - "brook"; Albanian "prrua" (and/or from the Romanian "ru", which originates from the Latin word "rivus")
- prunc - "baby"; cf. Latin "princeps" which meant "first, foremost"
- pupăză - "hoopoe"; Albanian "pupz"
- raţă - "duck"; Albanian "ros" (also Serbo-Croat "raca", Friulian "raze", Basque "eratz")
- a răbda - "to be patient,to endure"
- răgaz - "rest", "respite"
- rnză - "gizzard", "stomach"; Albanian "rrnds" (meaning rennet)
- smbure - "stone", "pit"; Albanian "sumbull", "thumbull"
- scrum - "ashes"; Albanian "shkrumb" is, Bulgarian "скрум"
- stnă - "sheepfold"; in Albanian "stan" means "dairy", "dairy farm"
- stncă - "rock"
- strugure - "grape"; Anc. Greek root "τρυγ-" vineyard
- strungă - "enclosure"; in Albanian "shtrung"
- sută - "hundred"; Sanskrit "satam", Lithuanian "simtas" (see Satem)
- şold -"hip", "hip socket"
- şoprlă - "lizard"
- tare - "hard" or "loud"
- tărăboi - "noise", "uproar"; Albanian "trboj" is to enrage; Anc. Greek "θόρυβος" meant 'noise, uproar'
- ţap - "he-goat"; Albanian "cjap", Serbo-Croat "cap", Italian dial. "zappa"
- ţarc - "fold", "pen"; Albanian "thark"; Greek "tsarkos"
- ţăruş - "stake", "picket"; in Albanian "thur" means "to knit"
- ţeapă - "pole", "pale", "stake"; in Albanian "thep" means "sharp edge"
- ţigaie - "(about the sheep's hear) soft, oil-like"; Greek "σιγάλος" (soft)
- ţugui - "peak", "point"
- ţuicǎ - "plum brandy"
- ţurţur - "icicle"
- urdă - "soft cottage cheese" (incorporating whey)
- vatră - "hearth"; Albanian "vatr"
- văpaie - "flame", "blaze"; Albanian "vap" is heat
- viezure - "badger"; Albanian "vjedull"
- zrnă - "nightshade plant, solanum nigrum"; the Dacian name for this plant was pro-diarna (diarna>ziarna>zarna)
- zbrli - "of the hair when it is raised and spiked up; frightened; enraged"
- a zbrci - "to wrinkle"; Anc. Greek "pharkis" meant 'wrinkle'; Bulgarian 'zbrkvam' same meaning, yet such a word is not found in any other slavic language
- a zburda - "to sport"; from *s-bhurdh, a development from PIE *bher, 'to bear', Anc. Greek "σπυρθιζο" (about animals, mainly horses) "to run with jumps"
- zgardă - "dog collar"; Albanian "shkardh" (related to gard)
- zgură - "slag", "cinder"; Albanian "zgjyr", Bulgarian "з
- zvăpăiat - "crazy, mischeivous, agitated" (related to văpaie)
There are also some Dacian words in languages other than Romanian, most of these examples having entered via Romanian (Vlach) dialects (an example is vatra, which is found in Slovak, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, and other neighboring languages, though with modified meaning). Albanian is considered by some to be descended from a Dacian dialect. If this hypothesis is correct, then Albanian words which are of native Albanian origin can also be considered as Dacian words. References Dacian words
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