Known Space

Known Space is the fictional setting of many of Larry Niven's science fiction stories. In general terms it is the name given by humans to the collection of stars and planets near the Earth, out to some 60 light years, which have been explored and settled in the books set in it. The Known Space stories span approximately a thousand years of history, from the first human explorations of our solar system to the colonization of dozens of nearby systems (and with references to events some billion years ago).

Overview

Races

In the process of exploring space, humankind encounters several intelligent alien species, including the following.
  • The Kzinti, belligerent giant cat-like aliens with whom the humans fight several brutal wars – mostly offstage until the release of the Man-Kzin Wars short-story collections, largely by other authors.
  • Pierson's Puppeteers, a technologically advanced race of three-legged, two-headed creatures descended from herd animals, and noted for their cowardice.
  • The Outsiders, fragile low-temperature aliens that cruise deep space and trade information, introducing FTL travel to humans. They have a mysterious connection with the starseeds.
  • The Pak, interstellar relatives of humanity whose life-cycle evidences the purpose of human old age.
  • The Kdatlyno, a species enslaved by the Kzinti until humans freed them. Kdatlyno "see" by way of sonar and create sculptures intended to be "seen" by Kdatlyno, felt by humans and licked by Puppeteers.
  • The Thrintun, a long-extinct species which ruled the galaxy through telepathic mind control.
  • The Grogs, sessile furry cones, which can control animals telepathically. The Grogs turn out to be the mutated survivors of the Thrintun species.
  • The Tnuctipun, used by the Thrintun as genetic engineers.
  • The Bandersnatchi, colossal sluglike creatures, originally created by the Tnuctipun to be grown as a food source by the Thrintun;
  • The Trinocs, named for their three eyes; they also have three fingers, a triangular mouth etc.
  • The Martians, recently extinct, except on the "Map of Mars" on the Ringworld.
  • The Jotoki, sentient octopus-shaped beings formed by the joining of the lobes of five non-sentient eel-like life forms into a single brain. Former rulers of an interstellar empire, they used Kzinti as body guards, but the Kzinti rebelled and used the Jotoki technology to create their own empire.
  • They Who Pass, entities from an other-dimensional universe who view the universe through cosmic strings but are unable to enter; non-canon.
Also figuring in some stories are intelligent cetaceans and various offshoots of Homo sapiens lineage.

Locations

An amusing and interesting aspect of the Known Space universe is that most of the planets colonized by humans are suboptimal for Homo sapiens. The planets were measured and declared habitable by "dumb" robot probes who were then followed by sleeper ships who had to make the best of a bad situation.
  • Down is the home world of the Grogs (see above), notable for the bussard ramjet that remains in orbit to destroy the Grog population should they take threatening action against humanity.
  • Fafnir is a former Kzin colony covered almost entirely in water captured by humans during the Man-Kzin Wars.
  • The Fleet of Worlds are the five small planetoids that are home to the Puppeteers (see above), presently being moved through deep space to avoid destruction as the wave of energy from an explosion of the galactic core sweeps towards the outer reaches of the galaxy.
  • Home was one of Earth's most distant colonies, decimated by war with the Pak, but re-colonized in later centuries.
  • Jinx, orbiting Sirius, is a massive moon of a gas giant, stretched by tidal forces into an egg shape, with gravity near the limits of human habitability. The poles lie in vacuum, the equatorial regions are Venus-like (and inhabited by the Bandersnatchi); the zones between have atmosphere breathable by humans. Jinx's poles become a major in vacuo manufacturing area.
  • Kobold was an artificial world created by Jack Brennan, a human Protector. Composed of a small sphere in the center ringed by a larger torus. Gravity generators facilitate movement between the two sections and are used in games and art.
  • Plateau in the Tau Ceti system is Venus-like, with a plateau half the size of California rising high enough into the dense atmosphere to be habitable.
  • Ringworld, an artificial planet-like structure, formed in the shape of a giant ring orbiting its sun.
  • Sheathclaws a planet colonized by humans aboard Angel's Pencil and Kzinti telepaths.
  • Warhead was an uninhabitable Mars-like world being used as a military outpost by the Kzinti, until it was hit with an experimental weapon which tore a long, kilometers-deep, but narrow hole into the crust. Most of the planet's atmosphere fell into this artificial canyon, resulting in a breathable environment. The planet was then renamed Canyon, for the crater, and settled by humans in a huge city running up the crater wall.
  • We Made It orbiting Procyon, got its name because the first colony ship crash-landed. The planet's axis is pointed along the plane of the ecliptic, creating ferocious winds during half of the planet's year, forcing the people to live underground.
  • Wunderland is an inhabitable planet circling Alpha Centauri, and was one of the earliest colonies in Known Space's human history.
Asteroid belts are usually extensively colonized in Known Space, as well. Sol's is known as the Belt, while Alpha Centauri's is known as the Serpent Swarm.

Technology

The series also features a number of "gee whiz" inventions which figure as plot devices. Stories earlier in the timeline feature technology such as Bussard ramjets, and explore how organ transplantation technology enables the new crime of Organlegging, while later stories feature hyperdrive, invulnerable starship hulls, stasis fields, transporter booths (used only on planetary surfaces), the lifespan-extending drug boosterspice, and the tasp which is capable of stimulating the pleasure centers of the brain from a distance. The milieu can be viewed as representing the climax of the pre-cyberpunk era of science fiction, as the cyberpunk themes of information technology and competition of various sub-governmental groups do not figure in the stories.

Stories in Known Space

Unlike many fictional universes, the component tales of known space were largely released as short stories or serials in various science fiction anthology magazines. These stories were generally subsequently released in one or more collection volumes. To add some further confusion, some of the shorter novels were also later re-released as part of collections. Due to the large number of stories, it is particularly difficult for a completionist fan of the series to have read the entire span of the work. After the mid-1970s, Larry Niven began to write significantly less Known Space stories. In his note that accompanies "Man-Kzin Wars", he indicates that it had become more and more difficult to be inspired to write in the universe as it had grown too difficult. At that point, he opened up the series to works by other authors. In the Known Space stories Niven had created a number of technological devices (GP hull, stasis field, Ringworld material) which, combined with the 'Teela Brown' gene, made it very difficult to construct engaging stories beyond a certain date - the combination of factors made it tricky to produce any kind of creditable threat/problem without complex contrivances. Niven demonstrated this, to his own satisfaction, with Safe at Any Speed.

Stories by Niven himself

ublished First Appeared In Collection
he Coldest Place 1964 Worlds of If Tales of Known Space
orld of Ptavvs 1965 Worlds of Tomorrow
ne Face 1965 Galaxy Magazine The Shape of Space
ecalmed in Hell 1965 The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction Tales of Known Space
ye of an Octopus 1966 Galazy Magazine Tales of Known Space
he Warriors 1966 Worlds of If Tales of Known Space
ordered in Black 1966 The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction The Shape of Space
eutron Star 1966 Worlds of If Neutron Star
ow the Heroes Die 1966 Galaxy Magazine Tales of Known Space
t the Core 1966 Worlds of If Neutron Star
Relic of the Empire 1966 Worlds of If Neutron Star
t the Bottom of a Hole 1966 Galaxy Magazine Tales of Known Space
he Soft Weapon 1967 Worlds of If Neutron Star
latlander 1967 Worlds of If Neutron Star
he Ethics of Madness 1967 Worlds of If Neutron Star
afe at any Speed 1967 The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction Tales of Known Space
he Adults 1967 Galaxy Magazine
he Handicapped 1967 Galaxy Magazine Neutron Star
he Jigsaw Man 1967 Dangerous Visions Tales of Known Space
lowboat Cargo 1968 Worlds of If
he Deceivers 1968 Galaxy Magazine Tales of Known Space
rendel 1968 (collection only) Neutron Star
here is a Tide 1968 Galaxy Magazine Tales of Known Space
i>The World of Ptavvs 1968 (novel)
i>A Gift From Earth 1968 (novel)
ait It Out 1968 Futures Unbounded Tales of Known Space
he Organleggers 1968 Galaxy Magazine The Shape of Space
i>Ringworld 1970 (novel)
loak of Anarchy 1972 Analog Science Fiction Tales of Known Space
i>Protector 1973 (novel)
he Defenseless Dead 1973 (collection only) The Long ARM of Gil Hamilton
he Borderland of Sol 1974 Analog Science Fiction Tales of Known Space
RM 1975 Epic The Long ARM of Gil Hamilton
i>The Ringworld Engineers 1980 (novel)
i>The Patchwork Girl 1980 (novel)
adness Has Its Place 1990 (collection only) Man-Kzin Wars III
rocrustes 1994 (collection only) Crashlander
he Woman in Del Rey Crater 1995 (collection only) Flatlander
i>Ringworld Throne 1996 (novel)
hoosing Names 1998 (collection only) Man-Kzin Wars VIII
ly-By-Night 2002 (collection only) Man-Kzin Wars IX
i>Ringworld's Children 2004 (novel)
† Additional Notes:
  • "World of Ptavvs" was expanded and republished as a novel in 1968.
  • "The Adults" was expanded and republished as "Protector" in 1973.
  • "Slowboat Cargo" was expanded and republished as "A Gift From Earth" in 1968.
  • "The Deceivers" was subsequently renamed "Intent to Deceive"
  • "The Organleggers" was subsequently renamed "Death by Ecstasy"
(Note that most stories appeared in more than one collection, though only one each is listed here.)

Man-Kzin Wars

Some fans consider these stories to be non-canonical.
ublished Collection Written By
ron 1988 Man-Kzin Wars Poul Anderson
athouse 1988 Man-Kzin Wars Dean Ing
riar Patch 1989 Man-Kzin Wars II Dean Ing
he Children's Hour 1989 Man-Kzin Wars II Jerry Pournelle & S.M. Stirling
he Asteroid Queen 1990 Man-Kzin Wars III Jerry Pournelle & S.M. Stirling
nconstant Star 1990 Man-Kzin Wars III Poul Anderson
he Survivor 1991 Man-Kzin Wars IV Donald Kingsbury
he Man Who Would Be Kzin 1991 Man-Kzin Wars IV Greg Bear & S.M. Stirling
n The Hall Of The Mountain King 1992 Man-Kzin Wars V Jerry Pournelle & S.M. Stirling
ey Diddle Diddle 1992 Man-Kzin Wars V Thomas T. Thomas
he Heroic Myth Of Lieutenant Nora Argamentine 1994 Man-Kzin Wars VI Donald Kingsbury
he Trojan Cat 1994 Man-Kzin Wars VI Mark O. Martin & Gregory Benford
he Colonel's Tiger 1995 Man-Kzin Wars VII Hal Colebatch
Darker Geometry 1995 Man-Kzin Wars VII Mark O. Martin & Gregory Benford
risoner Of War 1995 Man-Kzin Wars VII Paul Chafe
elepath's Dance 1998 Man-Kzin Wars VIII Hal Colebatch
alley Slave 1998 Man-Kzin Wars VIII Jean Lamb
otok 1998 Man-Kzin Wars VIII Paul Chafe
lowboat Nightmare 1998 Man-Kzin Wars VIII Warren W. James
ele 2002 Man-Kzin Wars IX Poul Anderson
is Sergeant's Honor 2002 Man-Kzin Wars IX Hal Colebatch
ne War For Wunderland 2003 Man-Kzin Wars X Hal Colebatch
he Corporal In The Caves 2003 Man-Kzin Wars X Hal Colebatch
usic Box 2003 Man-Kzin Wars X Hal Colebatch
eter Robinson 2003 Man-Kzin Wars X Hal Colebatch

Playground

Niven has described his fiction as "playground equipment", encouraging fans to speculate and extrapolate on the events described. Debates continue, for example, on who built the Ringworld (Pak Protectors and the Outsiders being front-runners), and what happened to the Tnuctipun. A rough draft of a "final" Known Space story titled "Down in flames" http://www.larryniven.org/stories/downinflames.htm is in circulation, which includes a controvercial revelation about the Tnuctipun.

External links

 

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