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Knole HouseKnole House (also Knowle House) is a stately home, situated close to Sevenoaks in north-west Kent, surrounded by a large deer park, Knole (or Knowle) Park. It is remarkably in England for the degree to which the 17th century appearance of its state rooms is preserved: the interiors of many such houses endured radical refurbishment in the 18th century. The park is also a remarkable survivor, having changed little over the past 400 years except for the loss of many trees in the Great Storm at the end of the 1980s. The house was built by Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, between 1456 and 1486. On Bourchier's death, the house was bequeathed to the See of Canterbury, but in 1538 it was taken from Archbishop Thomas Cranmer - and enlarged - by King Henry VIII. In 1566, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, it was presented to her cousin Thomas Sackville whose descendants have lived there ever since. Most notably, these include writer Vita Sackville-West (her Knole and the Sackvilles (1922) is regarded as a classic in the literature of English country houses); her friend Virginia Woolf wrote Orlando based on the history of the house and the Sackville family. The many state rooms open to the public contain a superb collection of 17th Century royal Stuart furniture, including three state beds, silver furniture and the prototype of the famous Knole Settee, outstanding tapestries and textiles, and portraits by Van Dyck, Gainsborough, Sir Peter Lely, Sir Godfrey Kneller and Joshua Reynolds. The eye is especially drawn to some of Reynolds' portraits in the house: a self portrait and the depictions of Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith and a Chinese page boy who was taken into the Sackville household have particular character and force. There are also extraordinary survivals from the English Renaissance: an Italianate staircase of great delicacy and the vividly carved overmantel and fireplace in the Great Chamber. Today, the house and estate are in the care of the National Trust. See also
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