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Kirshenbaum ChartKirshenbaum is a system for writing the International Phonetic Alphabet in ASCII. Kirshenbaum charts of consonants and vowels This chart is based off information provided in the Kirshenbaum specification.http://www.kirshenbaum.net/IPA/ascii-ipa.pdf, http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Evan_Kirshenbaum/IPA/faq.html It may also be helpful to compare it to the SAMPA chart or X-SAMPA chart. Consonant chart Consonant modifiers and diacritics Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify. Vowel chart Kirshenbaum simplified chart of vowels
(the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels) | | | Front | Central | Back | Rhotic (central) | | Closed or high | i y
I I. | i" u" | u- u
U | | Half closed | e Y | @<umd>
@ @. | o- o | R<umd>
R | Half open | E W | V" O" | V O | | Open or low | & &. | a a. | A A. | | Vowel modifiers and diacritics Modifiers and diacritics follow the symbol they modify. Stress is indicated by ' for primary stress, and , for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.
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