|
|
|
|
|
Kingdom Of JudahThe Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵṯ Yəhḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah son of Jacob (Israel). The name Judah itself means Praise of God. Judah is often referred to as the Southern Kingdom to distinguish it from the Northern Kingdom (being the Kingdom of Israel) after the division of the Kingdom. Its capital was Jerusalem. See History of ancient Israel and Judah. When the disruption took place at Shechem, at first only the tribe of Judah followed the house of David. But very soon after the tribe of Benjamin joined the tribe of Judah, and Jerusalem became the capital of the new kingdom (Joshua 18:28), which was called the kingdom of Judah. For the first sixty years the kings of Judah aimed at re-establishing their authority over the kingdom of the other ten tribes, so that there was a state of perpetual war between them. For the following eighty years there was no open war between them. For the most part they were in friendly alliance, co-operating against their common enemies, especially against Damascus. For about another century and a half Judah had a somewhat checkered existence after the termination of the kingdom of Israel till its final overthrow in the destruction of the temple (586 BC) by Nebuzar-adan, who was captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard (2 Kings 25:8-21). The kingdom maintained a separate existence for three hundred and eighty-nine years. It occupied an area of 8,900 km (3,435 square miles). This article is about what the Bible says. For how this relates to history, see the Bible and history. The kings of Judah For this period, most historians follow either the chronology established by William F. Albright or Edwin R. Thiele, both of which are shown below. All dates are BC. | hiele dates | Common/Biblical Name | width=35%|Regnal name and style | Notes | | small>922–915 | 931–913 | Rehoboam | רחבעם בן-שלמה מלך יהודה
Rehav’am ben Shlomoh, Melekh Yehudah | Hitherto king of Israel | | small>915–913 | 913–911 | Abijam | אבים בן-רחבעם מלך יהודה
Aviyam ben Rehav’am, Melekh Yehudah | | | small>913–873 | 911–870 | Asah | אסא בן-אבים מלך יהודה
Asa ben Aviyam, Melekh Yehudah | | | small>873–849 | 870–848 | Jehoshaphat | יהושפט בן-אסא מלך יהודה
Yehoshafat ben Asa, Melekh Yahudah | | | small>849–842 | 848–841 | Jehoram | יהורם בן-יהושפט מלך יהודה
Yehoram ben Yehoshafat, Melekh Yahudah | Killed | | small>842–842 | 841–841 | Achaziah | אחזיהו בן-יהורם מלך יהודה
Ahazyahu ben Yehoram, Melekh Yehudah | Killed by Yehu, King of Israel | | small>842–837 | 841–835 | Athaliah | עתליה בת-עמרי מלכת יהודה
‘Atalyah bat Omri, Malkat Yehudah | Queen Mother, wife of Jehoram; died in a coup | | small>837–800 | 835–796 | Jehoash | יהואש בן-אחזיהו מלך יהודה
Yehoash ben Ahazyahu, Melekh Yehudah | Killed by his servants | | small>800–783 | 796–767 | Amaziah | אמציה בן-יהואש מלך יהודה
Amatzyah ben Yehoash, Melekh Yehudah | Assassinated | | small>783–742 | 767–740 | Uzziah
(Azariah) | עזיה בן-אמציה מלך יהודה
‘Uziyah ben Amatzyah, Melekh Yehudah
עזריה בן-אמציה מלך יהודה
‘Azaryah ben ’Amatzyah, Melekh Yehudah | George Syncellus wrote that the First Olympiad took place in Uzziah's 48th regnal year | | small>742–735 | 740–732 | Jotham | יותם בן-עזיה מלך יהודה
Yotam ben ‘Uziyah, Melekh Yehudah | | | small>735–715 | 732–716 | Ahaz | אחז בן-יותם מלך יהודה
Ahaz ben Yotam, Melekh Yehudah | The Assyrian king Tiglath-Pileser III records he received tribute from Ahaz; compare 2 Kings 16:7-9; Fate unknown | | a href="/encyclopedia/715-BC" title="715 BC">715–687 | 716–687 | Hezekiah | חזקיה בן-אחז מלך יהודה
Hizqiyah ben Ahaz, Melekh Yehudah | Contemporary with Sennacherib of Assyria, and Merodach-baladan of Babylon (but see note 1, below) | | small>687–642 | 687–643 | Manasseh | מנשה בן-חזקיה מלך יהודה
Menasheh ben Hizqiyah, Melekh Yehudah | | | small>642–640 | 643–641 | Amon | אמון בן-מנשה מלך יהודה
Amon ben Menasheh, Melekh Yehudah | Assassinated | | small>640–609 | 641–609 | Josiah | יאשיהו בן-אמון מלך יהודה
Yo’shiyahu ben Amon, Melekh Yehudah | Died in battle against Necho II of Egypt. | | small>609 | 609 | Jehoahaz
(Ahaz) | יהואחז בן-יאשיהו מלך יהודה
Yehoahaz ben Yo’shiyahu, Melekh Yehudah
אחז בן-יאשיהו מלך יהודה
Ahaz ben Yo’shiyahu, Melekh Yehudah | | | small>609–598 | 609–598 | Jehoiakim | יהויקים בן-יהואחז מלך יהודה
Yehoyaqim ben Yehoahaz, Melekh Yehudah | The Battle of Carchemish occurred in the fourth year of his reign (Jeremiah 46:2) | | small>598 | 598 | Jehoiachin
(Jeconiah) | יהויכין בן-יהויקים מלך יהודה
Yehoyakhin ben Yehoyaqim, Melekh Yehudah
יכניהו בן-יהויקים מלך יהודה
Yekhonyahu ben Yehoyaqim, Melekh Yehudah | Perhaps reigned from March to May as 2 Chronicles 36:10 suggests. Called 'Jeconiah' in Jeremiah and Esther | | small>597–587 | 597–586 | Zedekiah | צדקיהו בן-יהויכין מלך יהודה
Tzidqiyahu ben Yo’shiyahu, Melekh Yehudah | The last king of Judah. Deposed, blinded and sent into exile; fate unknown. See note 2, below. | Notes:- 1. Hezekiah: contemporary with Sennacherib of Assyria, and Merodach-baladan of Babylon. There is some question whether these kings can provide a reliable synchronism for his reign: Al-Biruni and Bar-Hebraeus mention a "King Sennacherib the Less" as well. Furthermore, there was another king named Merodakh Baladan ben Baladan, also known as Mardokempad. (Ptolemy assumed, without any reason, that Mordac Empadus was contemporary with King Hezekiah.) These two Baladans remained pretenders during Sennacherib's reign, therefore it is not easy to identify their regnal years as Ptolemy attempted. According to Robert R. Newton (The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy, 1977), this ancient scholar frequently attributed some observations to certain years of some kings for the sake of simplicity in his tabulation, but those were not part of the original observations. Newton also asserts Ptolemy often contrived astronomical data in order to support his own theories. 2. Zedekiah: rebelled twice - in the first rebellion (597 BC), Nebuchadnezzar II captured Jerusalem, and took most of its leaders into exile. In the second rebellion (588–586 BC), Jerusalem was captured after a lengthy siege, the temple burnt, Zedekiah taken into exile and Judah was reduced to a province. Nebuchadnezzar had left Gedaliah as his governor, who was killed in one last revolt, and the few members of the ruling classes left from the kingdom of Judah took the prophets Jeremiah and Baruch with them as they fled to sanctuary in Egypt. From the end of the Kingdom to Present Time After the end of the ancient kingdom the area passed into foreign rule, apart from brief periods, under the following powers:- 587–c. 539 BC: Persians 332–305 BC: Macedonians 305–141 BC: Seleucids 141–63 BC: The Hasmonean State in Palestine 63–37 BC: Roman province of Judaea 37 BC–AD 44: The Herodian Kingdom of Judaea 44: Roman province of Judaea 44–93: The Herodian Kingdom of Judaea 44–395: Roman Empire 395–634: Byzantine Empire 634–1516: Caliphate with Crusader state intervals 1516–1917: Ottoman Turks 1918–1948: British under League of Nations mandate May 1948 to present: independent State of Israel See Also
|
 |
| |
|
|