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Kingdom Of Gwynedd - This article is about the medieval kingdom of Gwynedd. For the modern administrative county of Wales, see Gwynedd.
Gwynedd was one of the kingdoms or principalities of medieval Wales. Covering an area in the north-west of the country around Snowdonia and including the island of Anglesey, its rulers—such as Owain Gwynedd, Llywelyn the Great and Llywelyn the Last—usually held ascendancy over their rivals. The region's geography made it difficult for English kings to impose their will on the local rulers. Gwynedd covered the territory of the Ordovices, but tradition traced the kingdom's foundation to Cunedda, who migrated with his sons and followers from what is now southern Scotland. The territory was originally known as Venedotia, a name which mutated to Gwynedd over the next two centuries. The heart of Gwynedd was originally at Deganwy, but later moved to Anglesey. During the period of the Norman conquest of Wales, between the years 1066 and 1282, Gwynedd was a centre of national resistance, the last stronghold of the native Welsh princes against the kings of England. As the Welsh "dd" is pronounced like the English "th", "Gwynedd" is pronounced like (and is a likely source of) the modern personal name "Gwyneth." List of Kings/Princes Following the death of Llywelyn ap Gruffydd in 1282, and of his brother Dafydd ap Gruffydd the following year, eight centuries of independent rule by the house of Gwynedd came to an end, and the kingdom, which had long been one of the final holdouts to total English domination of Wales, was absorbed in the kingdom of Edward I. An exception can be made for the Gwynedd-based rebellion of Gwynedd
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