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Juan Jos ArvaloJuan Jos Arvalo Bermejo (1904 - 1990) was the first of the reformist presidents of Guatemala after the rule of dictators in 1944. He was President from 15 March 1945 to 15 March 1951. Before his presidency, Arvalo had been an exiled university professor who had returned to Guatemala to help in the reconstructive efforts of the new government, especially in the areas of social security and the new constitution. His philosophy of "spiritual socialism" in the period after World War II was viewed as being akin to communism by international players such as the United States, and this was much cause for international unease. Arvalo was succeeded by Jacobo Arbenz, who continued the reformist approach of Arvalo's government. However, "spiritual socialism" might be considered less an economic system than a movement of the liberation of the imagination of the oppressed people of Latin America. Arvalo, as an educator and philosopher, understood the need for the enlargement in individuals, communities, and nations of the concept and praxis of what is possible. Juan Jos Arvalo Juan Jos Arvalo
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