Inverse Transform Sampling Method

The inverse transform sampling method is a method of sampling a number at random from any probability distribution, given its cumulative distribution function (cdf). The problem that the inverse transform sampling method solves is as follows:
  • Let X be a random variable whose distribution can be described by the cdf d(x).
  • We want to generate values of x which are distributed according to this distribution.
Many programming languages have the ability to generate pseudo-randomnumbers which are effectively distributed according to the standard uniform distribution. If a random variable has that distribution, then the probability of its falling within any subinterval (a, b) of the interval from 0 to 1 is just the length b - a of that subinterval. The inverse transform sampling method works as follows:
  1. Generate a random number from the standard uniform distribution; call this u.
  2. Compute the value for x which has the associated cdf value u; call this xchosen.
  3. Take xchosen to be the random number drawn from the distribution described by d(x).

 

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