Intrauterine Growth Restriction
Intrauterine Growth Restriction
(IUGR) refers to the condition in which a
foetus
is unable to grow to its genetically determined potential size to a degree that may affect the health of the foetus. This can be contrasted to
small for gestational age
(
SGA
). Not all foetuses that are SGA have IUGR. Possible maternal causes of IUGR (adapted from Severi, 2000) include the following:
Chronic hypertension
Pregnancy-associated hypertension
Cyanotic heart disease
Class F or higher
diabetes
Hemoglobinopathies
Autoimmune disease
Protein-calorie malnutrition
Smoking
Substance abuse
Uterine malformations
Thrombophilia
Possible causes of IUGR related to the
placenta
and/or
umbilical cord
include the following:
Multiple gestation
Twin-to-twin transfusion
Abnormal cord insertion
Placental abnormality
Chronic abruption
Placenta praevia
Cord anomalies
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