high middle ages

The High Middle Ages are the central part of the Middle Ages, a period roughly comprising the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries. It is alternatively known as the Central Middle Ages. Under this system of subdivision, the first part of the Middle Ages is termed the Early Middle Ages and the last part the Later Middle Ages. The High Middle Ages produced many different forms of intellectual and above all spiritual works. Many of the most beautiful Gothic Cathedrals were built or completed and many modern institutions have their roots in this era. In England, for example, the Magna Carta was sealed, the Exchequer was founded and the first parliaments convened.

Historical events and politics

In contrast to the preceding and following centuries, a relatively warm and gentle climate marked the period 900-1300 in Europe. Farmers grew wheat well north into Scandinavia, and wine grapes in northern England. This protection from famine allowed Europe's population to increase, a factor in the founding of new towns an increase in industrial and economic activity during the period.

Slavic states

Crusades

Main Article: The Crusades

Mongol Invasion

Reconquista

Main Article: Reconquista

Religion

Architecture

Literature

Styles of literature

Religious literature

Secular literature

Famous authors and Works

Timeline

Important figures

Nations and Empires

By the time of the High Middle Ages, the Carolingian Empire had fallen and was replaced by separate kingdoms in Francia (nominally, France) and Germania (nominally, Germany). In Germany, the Holy Roman Empire then reached a high-water mark of unity and political power during the period. Meanwhile, in the eastern portion of the former Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire continued along.