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Gillingham, Medway Gillingham is a town in Kent in the United Kingdom, forming part of the Medway conurbation; it is a constituent of Medway unitary authority. The town includes the settlements of Brompton and Lidsing. Gillingham means a homestead of Gylla's family, from Old English ham (village, homestead) and ingas (family, followers), and was first recorded in 10th century as Gyllingeham. Status Each of the Medway Towns formerly had a different status: Strood was a rural district council; Rochester a city; Chatham a borough; whilst Gillingham was an urban district council. When in 1974 the other three became one as Rochester-upon-Medway, Gillingham remained on its own. It was only when the conurbation was given unitary authority status that Gillingham lost its independence. History Early history At the time of the Norman Conquest, Gillingham was a small hamlet; it was given by William the Conqueror to his half-brother Odo of Bayeux. The land was mainly farmland, and Odo rebuilt the parish church of St Mark's and constructed an archbishop's palace here. Maritime history - In medieval times the part of Gillingham known as Grange was a limb of the Cinque Ports, and the maritime importance of the area continued for centuries afterwards. The title Chatham Dockyard is something of a misnomer, since a large part of it lay within Gillingham. The dockyard was founded by Queen Elizabeth I on the site of the present gun wharf, the establishment being transferred to the present site about 1622.
- The Seven Years War began in 1756. The government immediately gave orders for the defence of the dockyard, and by 1758 the Chatham Lines were built. Over a mile in length, they stretched across the neck of the dockyard peninsula, from Chatham Reach, south of the dockyard, across to Gillingham Reach on the opposite side. One of the redoubts on the Lines, was at Amherst. The batteries faced away from the dockyard itself to forestall an attack from the landward side; the ships and shore mounted guns on the river were considered sufficient to protect from that side.
- War with France began again in 1778, and once more it was necessary to strengthen the defences. Fort Amherst was the first to be improved; it was followed by work beginning in 1800 to add others at Fort Pitt, Chatham, plus Fort Delce and Fort Clarence (both in Rochester); later in the 19th century others were added, including one at Fort Darland in Gillingham. Within all these buildings a barracks was built to house the soldiers.
- All this work, and the expansion of the dockyard, meant that more homes were needed for the workers. The position of the Lines meant that this building could only happen beyond, and so New Brompton came into being. The population rose to 9,000 people by 1851. Gillingham was still only a small village; eventually it, too, was swallowed up, and the name of the whole settlement changed to Gillingham.
- In 1919, after World War I, a naval war memorial in the shape of a white stone obelisk was set up on the Great Lines, from where it can be seen for many miles; additional structures were added in 1945 to commemorate the dead of World War II. Similar monuments stand in the dockyard towns of Portsmouth and Plymouth.
- The main source of employment was at the dockyard, and when it ceased to be a naval base in 1984, there was huge unemployment. Today much of the area is a World Heritage Site.
Communications Roads The Roman road now known as Watling Street passed through Gillingham; and until the opening of the Medway Towns bypass (the motorway M2)in the mid-1960s the same route was followed by the traffic on the A2 to Dover. That road had been turnpiked in 1730, as part of the London–Canterbury coaching route. In June 1996 the Medway Tunnel was opened, linking Gillingham with the M2 and Strood. Railways The London, Chatham and Dover Railway opened its line between Chatham and Faversham on 25 January 1858; and a country station was opened here called New Brompton. This was to serve the dockyard labourers' homes which had sprung up during the Napoleonic Wars. A branch line led into the dockyard. The station later became Gillingham. Train services became part of the suburban network when, in 1933, Gillingham became the terminus of the electrified system of the Southern Railway. Military Brompton Barracks have long been the home of the Royal Engineers. Today the regiment also has a museum there. Leisure Sister cities Gillingham is twinned with two Japanese cities, Ito and Yokosuka, the latter being the burial place of Will Adams one of Gillingham's most famous sons. External links
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