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German-russianThe term German-Russians is used in three somewhat different senses. One meaning is to describe people of German ethnic heritage who live in Russia and have adopted Russian culture. The most prominent example was Lenin, whose mother, Maria Alexandrovna Blank, was a Lutheran of Volga German ancestry. The Soviet spy Vilyam Genrikovich Fisher, better known as Rudolf Abel, was a German-Russian. The first meaning may be contrasted with Germans who have remained in enclaves with distinctively German culture such as the Volga Germans. However those Volga Germans who emigrated from Russia and Soviet Union are often referred to German-Russians or Russian-Germans as well. Finally, in the history of the Russia there was a period, initiated by Peter I of Russia, when foreigners wre invited to Russian service. In particular, St Petersburg Academy of Sciences hosted a large number of prominent persons of German origin: Georg Wilhelm Steller, Peter Simon Pallas and many others. Some of them (and their descendants) assimilated into the Russia, others eventually returned to Germany, but still they are considered Russian Germans.
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