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Frederick HopkinsSir Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861 - 1947) was an English biochemist. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1929 with Christiaan Eijkman for the discovery of vitamins. Hopkins was born in Eastbourne in Sussex on June 30 1861. His father was a cousin of the poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. He was educated at the prestigious City of London School, where he excelled in Chemistry and English. He later studied at the University of London and the medical school at Guy's Hospital (King's College London). During this time he took part in several murder cases in which his testimony helped convict notorious killers. In 1912 he published a paper covering the importance of vitamins in the diet entitled "Feeding Experiments Illustrating the Importance of Accessory Food Factors in Normal Diets". He became biochemistry professor at Cambridge University in 1914, where his students included neurochemistry pioneer Judah Hirsch Quastel. He was awarded the 1929 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (together with Christiaan Eijkman) for his discovery that certain trace substances which stimulated growth -- now known as vitamins -- are essential for the maintenance of good health. His main focus of research however was on cellular metabolism. He discovered the amino acid tryptophan and also found that certain amino acids including tryptophan must be supplied in the diet beacuse they cannot be manufactured by the body. These are called essential amino acids. Another of his achievements included isolating vitamins A, C and D from milk extracts. He also discovered that muscle contraction can lead to the accumulation of lactic acid. Hopkins was knighted in 1925. Reference Hopkins, Frederick Hopkins, Frederick Hopkins, Frederick Hopkins, Frederick
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