Former Qin

The Former Qin (Chinese character: 前秦, Hanyu pinyin Qinqn) (351-394) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China. Founded by the Fu family of the Di ethnicity, it completed the unification of North China in 376. Its capital had been Xi'an up to the death of the ruler Fu Jian. Please note that, despite its name, the Former Qin was much later and less powerful than the Qin Dynasty which ruled all of China during the 3rd century BCE. The defeat of the Former Qin in the Battle of Fei and the subsequent uprisings split the court into two after the death of Fu Jian: one located at present day Taiyuan, Shanxi and was soon overwhelmed in 386 by the Xianbei under the Later Yan and the Dingling. The other struggled in its greatly reduced territories around the border of present day Shaanxi and Gansu until disintegration in 394 under the years of invasions by the Western Qin and the Later Qin. All rulers of the Former Qin proclaimed themselves "Emperor".

Rulers of the Former Qin

Temple names Posthumous names Family names and given name Durations of reigns Era names and their according durations
Chinese convention: use family and given names
Gaozu (高祖 Gāozǔ) Jingming (景明 Jǐngmng) Fu Jian (苻健 F Jin) 351-355 Huangshi (皇始 Hungshǐ) 351-355
Did not exist King Li (厲王 Lwng) ¹ Fu Sheng (苻生 F Shēng) 355-357 Shouguang (壽光 Shuguāng) 355-357
Shizu (世祖 Shzǔ) Xuanzhao (宣昭 Xuānzhāo) Fu Jian (苻堅 F Jiān) 357-385 Yongxing (永興 Yǒngxīng) 357-359
     Ganlu (甘露 Gānl) 359-364
Jianyuan (建元 Jinyun) 365-385
Did not exist Aiping (哀平 āipng) Fu Pi (苻丕 F Pī) 385-386 Taian (太安 Tiān) 385-386
Taizong (太宗 Tizōng) Gao (高 Gāo) Fu Deng (苻登 F Dēng) 386-394 Taichu (太初 Tichū) 385-394
Did not exist Houzhu (後主 Huzhǔ) Fu Chong (苻崇 F Chng) several months in 394 Yanchu (延初 Yn Chū) 394
¹ Fu Sheng was posthumously given the title "wang" even though he had reigned as emperor.

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