former liang

The Former Liang (Chinese character: 前凉, Hanyu pinyin Qin Ling) (320-376) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China. It was founded by the Zhang family of the Han Chinese. Its territories included present-day Gansu and parts of Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai and Xinjiang. All rulers of the Former Liang remained titularly under the court of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) except Zhang Zuo who proclaimed himself "wang".

Rulers of the Former Liang

Temple names	Posthumous names	Family names and given name	Durations of reigns	Era names and their according durations
Chinese convention: use family and given names
Did not exist	Cheng (成 Chng)	Zhang Mao (張茂 Zhāng Mo)	320-324	Jianxing (建興 Jinxīng) 320-324
Did not exist	Zhongcheng (忠成 Zhōngchng)	Zhang Jun (張駿 Zhāng Jn)	324-346	Jianxing (建興 Jinxīng) 324-346
Did not exist	Huan (桓 Hun)	Zhang Chonghua (張重華 Zhāng Chnghu)	346-353	Jianxing (建興 Jinxīng) 346-353
Did not exist	Ai (哀 āi)	Zhang Yaoling (張曜靈 Zhāng Yolng)	3 months (the ninth to the twelfth month) in 353	Jianxing (建興 Jinxīng) 353
Did not exist	King Wei (威王 Wēi Wng)	Zhang Zuo (張祚 Zhāng Zu)	353-355	Jianxing (建興 Jinxīng) 353-354 Heping (和平 Hpng) 354-355
Did not exist	Jingdao (敬悼 Jngdo) or Chong (沖 Chōng)	Zhang Xuanjing (張玄靖 Zhāng Xunjng)	355-363	Jianxing (建興 Jinxīng) 355-361 Shengping (升平 Shēngpng) 361-363
Did not exist	Dao (悼 Do)	Zhang Tianxi (張天錫 Zhāng Tiānx)	364-376	Shengping (升平 Shēngpng) 364-376

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