Federal Subjects Of Russia

Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъект(ы); English transliteration: subyekty, sing. subyekt). These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. Each subject of the federation belongs to one of the following categories:
  1. 21 republics (states) (Russian: республики, sing. республика; English transliteration: respubliki, sing. respublika) - nominally autonomous with supposed right to secede, each has its own constitution, president and parliament; is represented by the federal government in international affairs; and is supposedly home to a specific ethnic minority.
  2. 49 oblasts (provinces) (Russian: области, sing. область; English transliteration: oblasti, sing. oblast) - most common, regular administrative units with federally appointed governor and locally elected legislature.
  3. 6 krais (territories) (Russian: края, sing. край; English transliteration: kraya, sing. krai or kray, the latter being more grammatically correct, but less common) - similar to oblasts but usually more peripheral and less populated.
  4. 1 autonomous oblast (Russian: автономная область; English transliteration: avtonomnaya oblast).
  5. 10 autonomous districts (Russian: автономные округа, sing. автономный округ; English transliteration: avtonomnyye okruga, sing. avtonomny okrug) - more autonomous than oblasts but less than republics; usually with substantial or predominant ethnic minority.
  6. 2 federal cities (city states)(Russian: федеральные города, sing. федеральный город; English transliteration: federalnyye goroda, sing. federalny gorod) - major cities that function as separate regions.
Some of these subjects will be merged into larger territories (Krais) starting in 2004. The first new one to be formed will be the Perm Krai, comprising the current Perm Oblast and Autonomous district of the Komi-Permyaks (59 and 81 respectively in the map below). The new territory is scheduled to come into being on December 1, 2005. A referendum to decide on merging the Irkutsk Oblast with the Autonomous district of the Ust-Ordinsk Buryats into an Irkutsk Krai will be held in 2004. Other projects include incorporating the Autonomous districts of the Evenks and Taymyr into a larger Krasnoyarsk Krai; merging that of the Yamal Nenetses with the Tyumen Oblast to form a Tyumen Krai; combining the Autonomous district of the Aga Buryats with the Chita Oblast; and even merging the existing Arkhangelsk and Murmansk Oblasts, the Komi Republic and the Autonomous district of the Nenetses to form a proposed Northern, or Arctic Krai, or a Republic of Pomors-Nenetses.
No.!!Abbr.!!Subject of the federation!!Capital city!!Federal district!!Economic region
olspan="6" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Republics - республики - respubliki
lign="center"|01 align="center"|AD Adygeya (Адыгея) Maykop (Майкоп) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|02 align="center"|BA Bashkortostan (Башкортостан) Ufa (Уфа) Privolzhsky (Volga) Urals
lign="center"|03 align="center"|BU Buryatia (Бурятия) Ulan-Ude (Улан-Удэ) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|04 align="center"|AL Altai Republic (Алтай) Gorno-Altaysk (Горно-Алтайск) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|05 align="center"|DA Dagestan (Дагестан) Makhachkala (Махачкала) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|06 align="center"|IN Ingushetia (Ингушская) Magas (Магас) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|07 align="center"|KB Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабардино-Балкарская) Nalchik (Нальчик) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|08 align="center"|KL Kalmykia (Калмыкия) Elista (Элиста) Southern Povolzhye
lign="center"|09 align="center"|KC Karachay-Cherkessia (Карачаево-Черкесская) Cherkessk (Черкесск) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|10 align="center"|KR Karelia (Карелия) Petrozavodsk (Петрозаводск) Northwestern North
lign="center"|11 align="center"|KO Komi (Коми) Syktyvkar (Сыктывкар) Northwestern North
lign="center"|12 align="center"|ME Mari El (Марий-Эл) Yoshkar-Ola (Йошкар-Ола) Privolzhsky (Volga) Volga-Vyatka
lign="center"|13 align="center"|MO Mordovia (Мордовия) Saransk (Саранск) Privolzhsky (Volga) Volga-Vyatka
lign="center"|14 align="center"|SA Sakha (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия)) Yakutsk (Якутск) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|15 align="center"|SE North Ossetia (Alania) (Северная Осетия) Vladikavkaz (Владикавказ) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|16 align="center"|TA Tatarstan (Татарстан) Kazan (Казань; Tatar: Qazan) Privolzhsky (Volga) Povolzhye
lign="center"|17 align="center"|TY Tyva (Тыва) Kyzyl (Кызыл) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|18 align="center"|UD Udmurtia (Удмуртская) Izhevsk (Ижевск) Privolzhsky (Volga) Urals
lign="center"|19 align="center"|KK Khakassia (Хакасия) Abakan (Абакан) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|20 align="center"|CE Chechnya (Чеченская) Grozny (Грозный) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|21 align="center"|CU Chuvashia (Чувашская (Чаваш)) Cheboksary (Чебоксары) Privolzhsky (Volga) Volga-Vyatka
olspan="6" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Territories - края - kraya
lign="center"|22 align="center"|ALT Altai Krai (Алтайский) Barnaul (Барнаул) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|23 align="center"|KDA Krasnodar (Краснодарский) Krasnodar (Краснодар) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|24 align="center"|KYA Krasnoyarsk (Красноярский) Krasnoyarsk (Красноярск) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|25 align="center"|PRI Primorsky (Приморский) Vladivostok (Владивосток) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|26 align="center"|STA Stavropol (Ставропольский) Stavropol (Ставрополь) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|27 align="center"|KHA Khabarovsk (Хабаровский) Khabarovsk (Хабаровск) Far Eastern Far East
olspan="6" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Provinces - области - oblasti
lign="center"|28 align="center"|AMU Amur (Амурская) Blagoveshchensk (Благовещенск) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|29 align="center"|ARK Arkhangelsk (Архангельская) Arkhangelsk (Архангельск) Northwestern North
lign="center"|30 align="center"|AST Astrakhan (Астраханская) Astrakhan (Астрахань) Southern Povolzhye
lign="center"|31 align="center"|BEL Belgorod (Белгородская) Belgorod (Белгород) Central Central-Chernozem
lign="center"|32 align="center"|BRY Bryansk (Брянская) Bryansk (Брянск) Central Central
lign="center"|33 align="center"|VLA Vladimir (Владимирская) Vladimir (Владимир) Central Central
lign="center"|34 align="center"|VGG Volgograd (Волгоградская) Volgograd (Волгоград) Southern Povolzhye
lign="center"|35 align="center"|VLG Vologda (Вологодская) Vologda (Вологда) Northwestern North
lign="center"|36 align="center"|VOR Voronezh (Воронежская) Voronezh (Воронеж) Central Central-Chernozem
lign="center"|37 align="center"|IVA Ivanovo (Ивановская) Ivanovo (Иваново) Central Central
lign="center"|38 align="center"|IRK Irkutsk (Иркутская) Irkutsk (Иркутск) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|39 align="center"|KGD Kaliningrad (Калининградская) Kaliningrad (Калининград) Northwestern Northwest
lign="center"|40 align="center"|KLU Kaluga (Калужская) Kaluga (Калуга) Central Central
lign="center"|41 align="center"|KAM Kamchatka (Камчатская) Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (Петропавловск-Камчатский) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|42 align="center"|KEM Kemerovo (Кемеровская) Kemerovo (Кемерово) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|43 align="center"|KIR Kirov (Кировская) Kirov (Киров) Privolzhsky (Volga) Volga-Vyatka
lign="center"|44 align="center"|KOS Kostroma (Костромская) Kostroma (Кострома) Central Central
lign="center"|45 align="center"|KGN Kurgan (Курганская) Kurgan (Курган) Urals Urals
lign="center"|46 align="center"|KRS Kursk (Курская) Kursk (Курск) Central Central-Chernozem
lign="center"|47 align="center"|LEN Leningrad (Ленинградская) St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) Northwestern Northwest
lign="center"|48 align="center"|LIP Lipetsk (Липецкая) Lipetsk (Липецк) Central Central-Chernozem
lign="center"|49 align="center"|MAG Magadan (Магаданская) Magadan (Магадан) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|50 align="center"|MOS Moscow (Московская) Moscow (Москва) Central Central
lign="center"|51 align="center"|MUR Murmansk (Мурманская) Murmansk (Мурманск) Northwestern North
lign="center"|52 align="center"|NIZ Nizhny Novgorod (Нижегородская) Nizhny Novgorod (Нижний Новгород) Privolzhsky (Volga) Volga-Vyatka
lign="center"|53 align="center"|NGR Novgorod (Новгородская) Novgorod (Новгород) Northwestern Northwest
lign="center"|54 align="center"|NVS Novosibirsk (Новосибирская) Novosibirsk (Новосибирск) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|55 align="center"|OMS Omsk (Омская) Omsk (Омск) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|56 align="center"|ORE Orenburg (Оренбургская) Orenburg (Оренбург) Privolzhsky (Volga) Urals
lign="center"|57 align="center"|ORL Oryol (Орловская) Oryol (Орёл) Central Central
lign="center"|58 align="center"|PNZ Penza (Пензенская) Penza (Пенза) Privolzhsky (Volga) Povolzhye
lign="center"|59 align="center"|PER Perm (Пермская) Perm (Пермь) Privolzhsky (Volga) Urals
lign="center"|60 align="center"|PSK Pskov (Псковская) Pskov (Псков) Northwestern Northwest
lign="center"|61 align="center"|ROS Rostov (Ростовская) Rostov-na-Donu (Ростов) Southern North Caucasus
lign="center"|62 align="center"|RYA Ryazan (Рязанская) Ryazan (Рязань) Central Central
lign="center"|63 align="center"|SAM Samara (Самарская) Samara, Russia (Самара) Privolzhsky (Volga) Povolzhye
lign="center"|64 align="center"|SAR Saratov (Саратовская) Saratov (Саратов) Privolzhsky (Volga) Povolzhye
lign="center"|65 align="center"|SAK Sakhalin (Сахалинская) Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (Южно-Сахалинск) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|66 align="center"|SVE Sverdlovsk (Свердловская) Yekaterinburg (Екатеринбург) Urals Urals
lign="center"|67 align="center"|SMO Smolensk (Смоленская) Smolensk (Смоленск) Central Central
lign="center"|68 align="center"|TAM Tambov (Тамбовская) Tambov (Тамбов) Central Central-Chernozem
lign="center"|69 align="center"|TVE Tver (Тверская) Tver (Тверь) Central Central
lign="center"|70 align="center"|TOM Tomsk (Томская) Tomsk (Томск) Siberian West Siberia
lign="center"|71 align="center"|TUL Tula (Тульская) Tula (Тула) Central Central
lign="center"|72 align="center"|TYU Tyumen (Тюменская) Tyumen (Тюмень) Urals West Siberia
lign="center"|73 align="center"|ULY Ulyanovsk (Ульяновская) Ulyanovsk (Ульяновск) Privolzhsky (Volga) Povolzhye
lign="center"|74 align="center"|CHE Chelyabinsk (Челябинская) Chelyabinsk (Челябинск) Urals Urals
lign="center"|75 align="center"|CHI Chita (Читинская) Chita (Чита) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|76 align="center"|YAR Yaroslavl (Ярославская) Yaroslavl (Ярославль) Central Central
olspan="6" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Federal cities - федеральные города - federalnyye goroda
lign="center"|77 align="center"|MOW colspan="2"|Moscow (Москва) Central Central
lign="center"|78 align="center"|SPE colspan="2"|St. Petersburg (Санкт-Петербург) Northwestern Northwest
olspan="6" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Autonomous oblast - автономная область - avtonomnaya oblast
lign="center"|79 align="center"|YEV Jewish (Еврейская) Birobidzhan (Биробиджан) Far Eastern Far East
olspan="6" bgcolor="#FFDEAD"|Autonomous districts - автономные округа - avtonomnyye okruga
lign="center"|80 align="center"|AGB Aga Buryatia (Агинский-Бурятский) Aginskoye (Агинское) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|81 align="center"|KOP Permyakia (Коми-Пермяцкий) Kudymkar (Кудымкар) Privolzhsky (Volga) Urals
lign="center"|82 align="center"|KOR Koryakia (Корякский) Palana (Палана) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|83 align="center"|NEN Nenetsia (Ненецкий) Naryan-Mar (Нарьян-Мар) Northwestern North
lign="center"|84 align="center"|TAY Taymyria (Таймырский (Долгано-Ненецкий)) Dudinka (Дудинка) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|85 align="center"|UOB Ust-Orda Buryatia (Усть-Ордынский Бурятский) Ust-Ordynsky (Усть-Ордынский) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|86 align="center"|KHM Khantia-Mansia (Ханты-Мансийский) Khanty-Mansiysk (Ханты-Мансийск) Urals West Siberia
lign="center"|87 align="center"|CHU Chukotka (Чукотский) Anadyr (Анадырь) Far Eastern Far East
lign="center"|88 align="center"|EVE Evenkia (Эвенкийский) Tura (Тура) Siberian East Siberia
lign="center"|89 align="center"|YAN Yamalia (Ямало-Ненецкий) Salekhard (Салехард) Urals West Siberia

Recent developments

According to the governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai Aleksandr Khloponin, on April 17, 2005, a regional referendum is scheduled to take place, which will decide whether Evenkia, Taymyria and Krasnoyarsk Krai should merge and form a new federal subject of Russia. If the merger takes place, a new federal subject may appear on the map of the Russian Federation on January 1, 2007.

Related articles

  • Federal Subjects of Russia
Federal subjects of Russia

 

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