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Education In PolandEducation in Poland starts at the age of 7 with 6 years of primary school (Polish Szkoła podstawowa). Next is the lower secondary level consits of 3 years in gymnasium (Gimnazjum), starting at age 13/14, ends with an exam). This is followed by upper secondary level, which has several alternativess, the most common being the the 3 years in High School (Liceum). This ends with a maturity examination (matura, roughly equivalent to British A-levels examination), and may be followed by several forms of upper education, leading to licencjat (Polish equivalent of Bachelor's degree), inzynier (Polish equivalent to Engineer's degree), magister (Polish equivalent of Master's degree) and eventually doktor (Polish equivalent of Doctorate degree). History The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth's Commission of National Education (Polish: Komisja Edukacji Narodowej) formed in 1773 counts as the first Ministry of Education in the history of mankind. The education in the People's Republic of Poland had on one hand vastly improved the literacy of all students, on the other hand it some sciencies (especially history and economics) have suffered from communist preference to propaganda over facts. Polish education system was reformed in 1999. Primary school was shortened from 8 to 6 years, and high school was changed from 4 year liceum into 3 year gimnasium and 3 year liceum. Grading In Russia, Ukraine, Hungary and likely the rest of the former Soviet Union and countries formely assosiated with the Eastern Bloc, a five-point grading scale is used, where: - 5 (very good or excellent) is the best possible grade,
- 4 (good),
- 3 (satisfactory) indicates "average" performance,
- 2 (unsatisfactory),
- 1 (poor) is the lowest possible grade.
Qualifiers `+' and `–' are often used to add some degree of differentiation between the grades, eg. 4+ is better than 4 but a little worse than 5–. Grading varies greatly from teacher to teacher and tends to be entirely subjective even for courses that lend themselves to objective marking such as mathematics and applied sciences. Even though the grades technically range from 1 to 5, 1 is uncommon and is rarely given for academic reasons—in many cases a failure to show up for an exam or to answer any questions only results in a 2. Since mid-90s, Polish primary and secondary schools expanded this system to include 6 as a grade. In this system 5 became equivalent to `very good', and the highest mark 6—`excellent'—is awarded primarily when it is clear that the student knows the material considerably beyond the level taught in the course. In universities, the five-point system remains (although the highest grade is 5.5, with criteria for award roughly equivalent to 6 in lower systems). See also External links
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