duke of rothesay

The title Duke of Rothesay was the official title possessed by the Heir Apparent to the throne of Scotland. A separate Scottish throne has not existed since the Act of Union 1707 which merged the Kingdoms of Scotland and England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain (later known as the United Kingdom after a further merger with the Kingdom of Ireland). The title is now held by the heir to the throne of the United Kingdom. It is the title mandated for use by the heir apparent when in Scotland, in preference of the English titles Duke of Cornwall (which also belongs to the eldest son of the monarch by right) and Prince of Wales (traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent of the United Kingdom). The Duke of Rothesay also holds other Scottish titles, including those of Earl of Carrick, Baron of Renfrew, Lord of the Isles and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland.

History

David Stewart, the son of Robert III, King of Scots, first held the dukedom from its creation in 1398. After his death, his brother James, later King James I, received the dukedom. Thereafter, the heir-apparent to the Scottish Crown held the dukedom; an Act of the Scottish Parliament passed in 1469 confirmed this pattern of succession. The Earldom of Carrick existed as early as the twelfth century. In 1306, Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick, became King Robert I, with the earldom merging in the Crown. In the following years, successive Kings of Scots created several heirs-apparent Earl of Carrick. The Act of 1469 finally settled the earldom on the eldest son of the Scottish monarch. The Barony of Renfrew, another dignity held under the 1469 Act, had first come to an heir-apparent in 1404. In Scotland, barons hold feudal titles, not peerages: a Scottish lord of Parliament equates to an English or British baron. Some, however, claim that the Act of 1469 effectively elevated the Barony of Renfrew to the dignity of a peerage. Others suggest that the barony became a peerage upon the Union of the Crowns in 1603. Finally, some scholars argue that the uncertainty surrounding the text of the 1469 Act leaves the barony as a feudal dignity. The office of Great Steward of Scotland (also called High Steward or Lord High Steward) dates back to its first holder, Walter FitzAlan, in the twelfth century. The seventh Great Steward, Robert, ascended the Scots throne as Robert II in 1371. Thereafter, only the heirs-apparent to the Crown held the office. The 1469 Act also deals with this.

Lord of the Isles

Another of the non-peerage titles belonging to the heir-apparent, that of Lord of the Isles, merits special mention. The Lords of the Isles, of the MacDonald family, originally functioned as vassals of the Scottish – or Norwegian – Kings who ruled the Western Isles. The ambitious John MacDonald II, fourth Lord of the Isles, made a secret treaty in 1462 with King Edward IV of England, by which he sought to make himself an independent ruler. In 1475, James III discovered the Lord of the Isles' actions, and the Lordship became subject to forfeiture. MacDonald later regained his position, but James IV again deprived him of his titles in 1493 after his nephew provoked a rebellion. In 1540 James V of Scotland granted the Lordship to the heirs-apparent to the Crown.

Legal basis

An Act of the Scottish Parliament passed in 1469 governs the succession to most of these titles. It provides that "the first-born Prince of the King of Scots for ever" should hold the dukedom. Though the Act specified "King," eldest sons of Queens Regnant subsequently also held the dukedom. The interpretation of the word "Prince", however, does not include women. The eldest son of the British Sovereign, as Duke of Rothesay, had the right to vote in elections for Scottish representative peers from 1707, when Scotland and England united into Great Britain, until 1963, when the UK Parliament abolished the election of representative peers.

Current Holder

HRH The Prince of Wales currently holds the title of 'Duke of Rothesay and uses it when in Scotland. He has the formal Scottish style of HRH The Prince Charles, Duke of Rothesay.

Arms

The arms of the Duke of Rothesay quarters the arms of the Great Steward and of the Lords of the Isles and places the arms of the heir apparent to the Scots throne in the centre.

Title Holders

Holders of the Dukedom of Rothesay, with the processes by which they became Dukes of Rothesay and by which they ceased to hold the title:

uke of Rothesay!!Parent!!From!!To
a href="/encyclopedia/David-Stewart,-Duke-of-Rothesay" title="David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay">David Stewart	Robert III	1398 (charter)	1402 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/James-I-of-Scotland" title="James I of Scotland">James Stewart	Robert III	1402 (death of brother David)	1406 (acceded as James I)
a href="/encyclopedia/Alexander-Stewart,-Duke-of-Rothesay" title="Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay">Alexander Stewart	James I	1430 (birth)	1430 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/James-II-of-Scotland" title="James II of Scotland">James Stewart	James I	1430 (death of brother Alexander)	1437 (acceded as James II)
a href="/encyclopedia/James-III-of-Scotland" title="James III of Scotland">James Stewart	James II	1452 (birth)	1460 (acceded as James III)
a href="/encyclopedia/James-IV-of-Scotland" title="James IV of Scotland">James Stewart	James III	1473 (birth)	1473 (acceded as James IV)
ames Stewart	James IV	1507 (birth)	1508 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/Arthur-Stewart,-Duke-of-Rothesay" title="Arthur Stewart, Duke of Rothesay">Arthur Stewart	James IV	1509 (birth)	1510 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/James-V-of-Scotland" title="James V of Scotland">James Stewart	James IV	1512 (birth)	1513 (acceded as James V)
ames Stewart	James V	1540 (birth)	1541 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/James-I-of-England" title="James I of England">James Stuart	Mary I	1566 (birth)	1567 (acceded as James VI)
a href="/encyclopedia/Henry-Frederick-Stuart" title="Henry Frederick Stuart">Henry Stuart, Prince of Wales	James VI	1594 (birth)	1612 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/Charles-I-of-England" title="Charles I of England">Charles Stuart, Duke of York	James VI & I	1612 (death of brother Henry)	1625 (acceded as Charles I)
harles James Stuart	Charles I	1629 (birth)	1629 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/Charles-II-of-England" title="Charles II of England">Charles Stuart	Charles I	1630 (birth)	1649 (acceded as Charles II)
a href="/encyclopedia/James-Francis-Edward-Stuart" title="James Francis Edward Stuart">James Francis Edward Stuart	James VII & II	1688 (birth)	1689 (father's deposition)
a href="/encyclopedia/George-II-of-Great-Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George Augustus	George I	1714 (father's accession)	1727 (acceded as George II)
a href="/encyclopedia/Frederick,-Prince-of-Wales" title="Frederick, Prince of Wales">Frederick Lewis	George II	1727 (father's accession)	1751 (death)
a href="/encyclopedia/George-IV-of-the-United-Kingdom" title="George IV of the United Kingdom">George Augustus Frederick	George III	1762 (birth)	1820 (acceded as George IV)
a href="/encyclopedia/Edward-VII-of-the-United-Kingdom" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Albert Edward	Victoria	1841 (birth)	1901 (acceded as Edward VII)
a href="/encyclopedia/George-V-of-the-United-Kingdom" title="George V of the United Kingdom">George	Edward VII	1901 (father's accession)	1910 (acceded as George V)
a href="/encyclopedia/Edward-VIII-of-the-United-Kingdom" title="Edward VIII of the United Kingdom">Edward	George V	1910 (father's accession)	1936 (acceded as Edward VIII)
a href="/encyclopedia/Charles,-Prince-of-Wales" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Prince Charles of Edinburgh	Elizabeth II	1952 (mother's accession)

Rothesay

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