Cubic Function

In mathematics, a cubic function is a function of the form
f(x)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d,\,
where a is nonzero; or in other words, a polynomial of degree three. The derivative of a cubic function is a quadratic function. The integral of a cubic function is a quartic function.

Bipartite cubics

The graph of
y^2 = x(x-a)(x-b)\,
where 0 < a < b is called a bipartite cubic. This is from the theory of elliptic curves. You can graph a bipartite cubic on a graphing device by graphing the function
f(x) = \sqrt{x(x-a)(x-b)}\,
corresponding to the upper half of the bipartite cubic. It is defined on
(0,a) \cup (b,+\infty).\,

Root-finding Formula

The formula for finding the roots of a cubic function is fairly compilated. Therefore, it is common for some students to use the rational roots test or a numerical solution instead. If we have
f(x) = ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d = (x - x_1)(x - x_2)(x - x_3)\,
Let
q = \frac and
r = \frac
Now, let
s = \sqrt3}} and
t=\sqrt3}}
The solutions are
x_1 = s+t-\frac
x_2=-\frac(s+t)-\frac+\frac}}(s-t)i
x_3=-\frac(s+t)-\frac-\frac}}(s-t)i
See also: cubic equation, spline.

 

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