Correlative Based Fallacies

In logic, correlative based fallacies, also known as fallacies of distraction, are logical fallacies based on correlative conjunctions. A correlative conjunction is a relationship between two statements where one must be false and the other true. In formal logic this is known as the exclusive or relationship. Examples of correlatives are:
A: Object one is larger than object two.
B: Object one is smaller or the same size as object two.
A: Fido is a dog.
B: Fido is not a dog.
Fallacies based on correlatives include:
  • The false dilemma or false correlative. Here something which is not a correlative is treated as a correlative, excluding some other valid possibility.
  • The fallacy of denying the correlative, where an attempt is made to introduce some other invalid option into what is a true correlative.
  • The fallacy of suppressed correlative, where the definitions of a correlative are changed so that one of the options includes the other, making one option impossible.
  • The false choice, in which options are presented as being exclusive, when that is not the case.

 

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