copa libertadores de amrica

The Copa Libertadores de Amrica ("Liberators of the Americas Cup") is an international football cup competition played annually by the top clubs of South America. In recent years, top clubs from Mexico have also competed.

Qualification

The competition is organized and run annually in a similar manner to the UEFA Champions League in Europe. The Copa Libertadores has a preliminary round in which a number of clubs, currently 12, are paired in a series of two-legged knockout ties. The six survivors join the remaining clubs in the first round, in which they are divided into groups of four. The first-round groups play in a league system, with each team playing home-and-home against each other team. The top two teams from each group are then drawn in the second round, which consists of a two-legged knockout tie. From that point, the competition proceeds with two-legged knockout ties to quarterfinals, semifinals, and the final. Between 1960 and 1979 the previous winners did not enter the competition until the semi-final stage, making it much easier to retain the cup. In its early years, only the national champions of the major nations took part, but the vice-champions were allowed in the 1970s. The competition was later extended to 24, 32, 36, and now 38 teams. The 2005 edition will have the competitors distributed this way:

The previous year's champion
5 from Argentina
5 from Brazil
3 from Bolivia
3 from Chile
3 from Colombia
3 from Ecuador
3 from Mexico (up from 2 in 2004)
3 from Paraguay
3 from Peru
3 from Uruguay
3 from Venezuela

The lowest-ranked team from each country, plus the second lowest-ranked team from the nation of the previous year's champion, will enter the preliminary round, with the winners joining the other 26 teams in the main draw.

Rules

Note that unlike European club competitions, the Copa Libertadores historically did not use extra time or away goals to decide a tie that was level on aggregate. From 1960 to 1987, two-legged ties were decided on points, without taking goal difference into consideration. If both teams were level on points after two legs, a third match would be played at a neutral site. Goal difference would only come into play if the third match was drawn. If the third match did not produce an immediate winner, either by a clear win or by goal difference, a penalty shootout was used to determine a winner. From 1988 through 2004, ties were decided on aggregate goals, with an immediate penalty shootout if the tie was level on aggregate after full time of the second leg. Several times, the event would have had a different champion if it followed European rules. For example, the 2004 champions, Colombian club Once Caldas, would have exited the competition in the second round if the away goals rule had been used, and would also have lost the final on away goals. For the 2005 event, CONMEBOL finally began to use the away goals rule; one tie in the preliminary round was decided on away goals.

History

The first cup was competed for in 1960 and was won by Club Atltico Pearol of Uruguay. As of 2004, 20 different teams have won the cup. The most successful club has been the Argentinian side Club Atltico Independiente, winners seven times including four in a row from 1972 to 1975. Brazilians complain that especially in the early years the referees were often biased against the Brazilian teams and the rules were often obscure or unfair. Argentine answer to this remarking that the Brazilian teams were often uninterested in playing abroad. However, it is remarkable that Argentina and Uruguay are so superior to Brazil in Olympic and regional competitions such as the Copa Amrica and the Copa Libertadores, while they are clearly surpassed in the most important event, the FIFA World Cup. Over the years the competition has kept alive a healthy sport rivalry between the competing countries, especially between Brazil and Argentina, Argentina and Uruguay, Uruguay and Brazil, and Bolivia and Chile. Unfortunately episodes of violence are not rare and the pressure for players on the field is tremendous.

Champions

Country flag displayed when shield not available.

owspan=2 width=5%\|Year	width=1% rowspan=47 bgcolor=ffffff\|	colspan=3\|Final	width=1% rowspan=47 bgcolor=ffffff\|	colspan=3 rowspan=2\|Third Place Match
idth=15%\|Winner	width=10%\|Score	width=15%\|Runner-up
a href="/encyclopedia/1960" title="1960">1960 Details	30px Pearol	1 - 0 1 - 1 2 - 1	30px Olimpia	30px San Lorenzo	\|30px Millonarios
a href="/encyclopedia/1961" title="1961">1961 Details	30px Pearol	1 - 0 1 - 1 2 - 1	30px Palmeiras	30px Olimpia	\|30px Independiente de Santa Fe
a href="/encyclopedia/1962" title="1962">1962 Details''	30px Santos F.C.	1 - 2 3 - 2 3rd match: 3 - 0	30px Pearol	30px Universidad Catlica	\|30px Nacional de Montevideo
align=center bgcolor=#F5FAFF
a href="/encyclopedia/1963" title="1963">1963 Details	30px Santos F.C.	3 - 2 2 - 1 5 - 3	30px Boca Juniors	30px Botafogo	\|30px Pearol
a href="/encyclopedia/1964" title="1964">1964 Details	30px Independiente	0 - 0 1 - 0 1 - 0	30px Nacional de Montevideo	30px Santos F.C.	\|35px Colo-Colo
a href="/encyclopedia/1965" title="1965">1965 Details	30px Independiente	1 - 0 1 - 3 3rd match: 4 - 1	30px Pearol	30px Santos F.C.	\|30px Boca Juniors
a href="/encyclopedia/1966" title="1966">1966 Details	30px Pearol	2 - 0 2 - 3 3rd match: 4 - 2 (aet)	30px River Plate	30px Independiente	\|30px Universidad Catlica
a href="/encyclopedia/1967" title="1967">1967 Details	30px Racing Club	0 - 0 0 - 0 3rd match: 2 - 1	30px Nacional de Montevideo	30px Universitario	\|30px Cruzeiro
a href="/encyclopedia/1968" title="1968">1968 Details	30px Estudiantes L.P.	2 - 1 1 - 3 3rd match: 2 - 0	30px Palmeiras	30px Pearol	\|30px Racing Club
a href="/encyclopedia/1969" title="1969">1969 Details	30px Estudiantes L.P.	1 - 0 2 - 0 3 - 0	30px Nacional de Montevideo	30px Pearol	\|30px Universidad Catlica
a href="/encyclopedia/1970" title="1970">1970 Details	30px Estudiantes L.P.	1 - 0 0 - 0 1 - 0	30px Pearol	30px Universidad de Chile	\|30px River Plate
a href="/encyclopedia/1971" title="1971">1971 Details	30px Nacional de Montevideo	1 - 0 0 - 1 3rd match: 2 - 0	30px Estudiantes L.P.	30px Palmeiras	\|30px Barcelona (Guayaquil)
a href="/encyclopedia/1972" title="1972">1972 Details	30px Independiente	0 - 0 2 - 1 2 - 1	30px Universitario	30px Nacional de Montevideo	\|30px So Paulo
a href="/encyclopedia/1973" title="1973">1973 Details	30px Independiente	1 - 1 0 - 0 3rd match: 2 - 1 (aet)	35px Colo-Colo	30px San Lorenzo	\|30px Cerro Porteo
a href="/encyclopedia/1974" title="1974">1974 Details	30px Independiente	1 - 2 2 - 0 3rd match: 1 - 0	30px So Paulo	30px Pearol	\|30px Millonarios
a href="/encyclopedia/1975" title="1975">1975 Details	30px Independiente	0 - 1 3 - 1 3rd match: 2 - 0	30px Universidad Espaola	30px Rosario Central	\|30px Universitario
a href="/encyclopedia/1976" title="1976">1976 Details	30px Cruzeiro	4 - 1 1 - 2 3rd match: 3 - 2	30px River Plate	30px LDU Quito	\|30px Independiente
a href="/encyclopedia/1977" title="1977">1977 Details	30px Boca Juniors	1 - 0 0 - 1 3rd match: 0 - 0 (penalties 5-4)	30px Cruzeiro	30px Deportivo Cali	\|30px Internacional (Porto Alegre)
a href="/encyclopedia/1978" title="1978">1978 Details	30px Boca Juniors	0 - 0 4 - 0 4 - 0	30px Deportivo Cali	30px River Plate	\|30px Cerro Porteo
a href="/encyclopedia/1979" title="1979">1979 Details	30px Olimpia	2 - 0 0 - 0 2 - 0	30px Boca Juniors	30px Independiente	\|30px Guarani
a href="/encyclopedia/1980" title="1980">1980 Details	30px Nacional de Montevideo	2 - 0 0 - 0 2 - 0	30px Internacional (Porto Alegre)	30px Olimpia	\|30px America de Cali
a href="/encyclopedia/1981" title="1981">1981 Details	30px Flamengo	2 - 1 0 - 1 3rd match: 2 - 0	30px Cobreloa	30px Deportivo Cali	\|30px Nacional de Montevideo
a href="/encyclopedia/1982" title="1982">1982 Details''	30px Pearol	0 - 0 1 - 0 1 - 0	30px Cobreloa	30px Flamengo	\|30px Olimpia
a href="/encyclopedia/1983" title="1983">1983 Details	30px Grmio	1 - 1 2 - 1 3 - 2	30px Pearol	30px Nacional de Montevideo	\|30px Estudiantes L.P.
a href="/encyclopedia/1984" title="1984">1984 Details	30px Independiente	1 - 0 0 - 0 1 - 0	30px Grmio	30px Nacional de Montevideo	\|30px Flamengo
a href="/encyclopedia/1985" title="1985">1985 Details	30px Argentinos Juniors	1 - 0 0 - 1 1 - 1 (penalties 5-4)	30px America de Cali	30px El Nacional	\|30px Independiente
a href="/encyclopedia/1986" title="1986">1986 Details	30px River Plate	2 - 1 1 - 0 3 - 1	30px America de Cali	30px Argentinos Juniors	\|30px Olimpia
a href="/encyclopedia/1987" title="1987">1987 Details	30px Pearol	0 - 2 2 - 1 3rd match: 2 - 0 (aet)	30px America de Cali	30px Cobreloa	\|30px River Plate
a href="/encyclopedia/1988" title="1988">1988 Details	30px Nacional de Montevideo	0 - 1 3 - 0 3 - 1	30px Newell's Old Boys	30px America de Cali	\|30px San Lorenzo
a href="/encyclopedia/1989" title="1989">1989 Details	30px Atltico Nacional	2 - 0 0 - 2 (penalties 5 - 4)	30px Olimpia	30px Danubio	\|30px Internacional (Porto Alegre)
a href="/encyclopedia/1990" title="1990">1990 Details	30px Olimpia	2 - 0 1 - 1 3 - 1	30px Barcelona (Guayaquil)	30px River Plate	\|30px Atltico Nacional
a href="/encyclopedia/1991" title="1991">1991 Details	35px Colo-Colo	0 - 0 3 - 0 3 - 0	Olimpia	30px Atltico Nacional	\|30px Boca Juniors
a href="/encyclopedia/1992" title="1992">1992 Details	30px So Paulo	1 - 0 0 - 1 (penalties 3-2)	30px Newell's Old Boys	30px America de Cali	\|30px Barcelona (Guayaquil)
a href="/encyclopedia/1993" title="1993">1993 Details	30px So Paulo	5 - 1 0 - 2 5 - 3	30px Universidad Catlica	30px America de Cali	\|30px Cerro Porteo
a href="/encyclopedia/1994" title="1994">1994 Details	30px Vlez Srsfield	0 - 1 1 - 0 (penalties 5-3)	30px So Paulo	30px Atltico Junior	\|30px Olimpia
a href="/encyclopedia/1995" title="1995">1995 Details	30px Grmio	3 - 1 1 - 1 4 - 2	30px Atltico Nacional	30px River Plate	\|30px Emelec
a href="/encyclopedia/1996" title="1996">1996 Details	30px River Plate	0 - 1 2 - 0 2 - 1	30px America de Cali	30px Grmio	\|30px Universidad de Chile
a href="/encyclopedia/1997" title="1997">1997 Details	30px Cruzeiro	2 - 0 2 - 1 4 - 1	30px Sporting Cristal	35px Colo-Colo	\|30px Racing Club
a href="/encyclopedia/1998" title="1998">1998 Details	30px Vasco da Gama	2 - 0 2 - 1 4 - 1	30px Barcelona (Guayaquil)	30px Cerro Porteo	\|30px River Plate
a href="/encyclopedia/1999" title="1999">1999 Details	30px Palmeiras	0 - 1 2 - 1 (penalties 4-3)	30px Deportivo Cali	30px River Plate	\|30px Cerro Porteo
a href="/encyclopedia/2000" title="2000">2000 Details	30px Boca Juniors	2 - 2 0 - 0 (penalties 4-3)	30px Palmeiras	30px Corinthians	\|30px Club Amrica
a href="/encyclopedia/2001" title="2001">2001 Details	30px Boca Juniors	1 - 0 0 - 1 (penalties 3-1)	30px Cruz Azul	30px Palmeiras	\|30px Rosario Central
a href="/encyclopedia/2002" title="2002">2002 Details	30px Olimpia	0 - 1 2 - 1 (penalties 4-2)	30px So Caetano	30px Club Amrica	\|30px Grmio
a href="/encyclopedia/2003" title="2003">2003 Details	30px Boca Juniors	2 - 0 3 - 1 5-1	30px Santos F.C.	30px Independiente	\|30px America de Cali
a href="/encyclopedia/2004" title="2004">2004 Details	30px Once Caldas	0 - 0 1 - 1 (penalties 2-0)	30px Boca Juniors	30px River Plate	\|30px So Paulo

Championships by team

7 times

20px Independiente (1964, 1965, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1984)

5 times

20px Boca Juniors (1977, 1978, 2000, 2001, and 2003)
20px Pearol (1960, 1961, 1966, 1982, and 1987)

3 times

20px Estudiantes L.P. (1968, 1969, and 1970)
20px Nacional (1971, 1980, and 1988)
20px Olimpia (1979, 1990, and 2002)

2 times

20px Cruzeiro (1976 and 1997)
20px Grmio (1983 and 1995)
20px River Plate (1986 and 1996)
20px Santos F.C. (1962 and 1963)
20px So Paulo (1992 and 1993)

1 time

Championships by Country

20px Argentina 20 times
20px Brazil 11 times
20px Uruguay 8 times
20px Paraguay 3 times
20px Colombia 2 times
20px Chile 1 times

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