charles xiii of sweden

Charles XIII, Karl XIII, or Carl II, (1748-1818), king of Sweden and Norway, the second son of king Adolf Frederick of Sweden, and Louisa Ulrica of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great, was born at Stockholm on October 7, 1748.

**Karl XIII**
**Carl II**

Reign	From June 6, 1809 in Sweden From November 4, 1814 in Norway Until February 5, 1818
Coronation
Royal motto	"Folkets vl min hgsta lag" ("The welfare of the people my highest law" ¹ )
Queen	Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte
Royal House	Holstein-Gottorp
Predecessors	Gustav IV Adolf in Sweden Frederick VI in Norway
Successor	Charles XIV, as the Swedish title and Carl III Johan, as the Norwegian title.
Date of Birth	October 7, 1748
Place of Birth	Stockholm
Date of Death	February 5, 1818
Place of Death	Stockholm
Place of Burial	Riddarholmskyrkan, Stockholm
¹ Compare with the U.S. state of Missouri (1821): "Let the welfare of the people be the supreme law".

Life and politics

In 1772 he co-operated in the revolutionary plans of his brother Gustav III of Sweden. On the outbreak of the Russo-Swedish War of 1788 he served with distinction as admiral of the fleet, especially at the battles of Hogland (June 7, 1788) and land (July 26, 1789). On the latter occasion he would have won a signal victory but for the unaccountable remissness of his second-in-command, Admiral Liljehorn. On the death of Gustav III, Charles, now duke of Sudermannia, acted as regent of Sweden till 1796; but the real ruler of the country was the narrow-minded and vindictive Gustaf Adolf Reuterholm, whose mischievous influence over him was supreme. These four years were perhaps the most miserable and degrading in Swedish history (an age of lead succeeding an age of gold, as it has well been called) and may be briefly described as alternations of fantastic jacobinism and ruthless despotism. On the accession of Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden (November 1796), the duke became a mere cipher in politics till the March 13, 1809, when those who had dethroned Gustav IV Adolf appointed him regent, and finally elected king by Riksdag of the Estates. But by this time he was prematurely decrepit, and Jean-Baptist Bernadotte took over the government as soon as he landed in Sweden, 1810. By the Union of Sweden and Norway in 1814 Charles became king of Norway under the name Carl II of Norway. After eight years as king only by title, Charles died on February 5, 1818.

Children

He had married his cousin Hedwig Elizabeth Charlotte of Holstein-Gottorp (1759-1818), on July 7, 1774 but both of their children would die in infancy.

Louisa Hedvig (1797)
Carl Adolf, Duke of Wermelandia (1798)

References

width="30%" align="center" \| Preceded by: Gustav IV Adolf	width="40%" align="center" \| King of Sweden 1809-1818	width="30%" align="center" rowspan="2"\| Succeeded by: Charles XIV/ Carl III Johan
width="30%" align="center" \| Preceded by: Frederick VI	width="40%" align="center" \| King of Norway 1814-1818

Charles XIII of Sweden Charles XIII of Sweden Charles 2 Charles 13

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